Abstract
When a species is introduced in a new territory its parasites may also follow, thus forming a sort of biotic unit. We propose the term symbiota to indicate this host–parasite complex. This concept is at the basis of the present research in which 11 species of alien and native freshwater fish were collected by electrofishing in the Po river area (Northern Italy). The alien host fish Ictalurus melas and Silurus glanis were parasitized by only one monogenean species each. Lepomis gibbosus, of North American origin, hosted four monogeneans and Carassius carassius three. All these parasites should be considered as alien species, except those collected from C. carassius that should be considered in part natives and in part aliens.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. M. Arndt J. Gessner C. Raymakers (2002) ArticleTitleTrends in farming, trade and occurrence of native and exotic sturgeons in natural habitats in Central and Western Europe Journal of Applied Ichthyology 18 444–448 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00415.x
O. N. Bauer (1991) ArticleTitleSpread of parasites and diseases of aquatic organism by acclimatization: a short review Journal of Fish Biology 39 679–686
O. N. Bauer N. O. Pugachev V. N. Voronin (2002) ArticleTitleStudy of parasites and diseases of sturgeons in Russia: a review Journal of Applied Ichthyology 18 420–29 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00422.x
Bianco, P. G., 1998. Freshwater fish transfers in Italy: history, local changes in fish fauna and a prediction on the future native populations. In Cowx, I. G. (ed.) . Blackwell Science, Oxford: 167–185.
A. O. Bush K. D. Lafferty J. M. Lotz A. W. Shostak (1997) ArticleTitleParasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et’al. revisited Journal of Parasitology 83 575–583 Occurrence Handle9267395
F. Cavallini (1933) ArticleTitleIl pesce gatto Ameiurus catus nelle acque del Ticino Natura 24 23–26
Combes, C., 2002. Parasitism. The Ecology and Evolution on Intimate Interactions. The University of Chicago Press, 728.
D. K. Cone D. J. Marcogliese (1995) ArticleTitlePseudodactylogyrus anguillae on Anguilla rostrata in Nova Scotia: an endemic or an introduction? Journal of Fish Biology 47 177–178
V. A. Dogiel (1964) General Parasitology Oliver & Boid Edinburgh
D. M. Dove I. Ernst (1998) ArticleTitleConcurrent invaders – four exotic species of Monogenea now established on exotic freshwater fishes in Australia International Journal for Parasitology 28 1755–1764 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00134-9 Occurrence Handle9846613
J. S. Dukes H. A. Mooney (1999) ArticleTitleDoes global change increase the success of biological invaders? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14 135–139 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01554-7 Occurrence Handle10322518
J. G. Eaton R. M. Scheller (1996) ArticleTitleEffects of climate warming on fish thermal habitat in streams of the United States Limnology and Oceanography 41 1109–1115
Ergens R., 1962. In Moravec, F. (ed.), Checklist of the Metazoan Parasites of Fishes of the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic, 2001. Academia Praha 168 pp
G. W. Esch J. C. Fernández (1993) A Functional Biology of Parasitism, Ecological and Evolutionary Implications Chapman & Hall London 337
P. Galli F. Stefani F. Benzoni G. Crosa A. Zullini (2003) ArticleTitleA. New records for Italy of alien monogeneans from Lepomis gibbosus and Silurus Glanis Parassitologia 45 IssueID3–4 147–149 Occurrence Handle15267103
Gussev, A. V., 1985. Order Dactylogyridae. In Bauer, O. N. (ed.) “Key to the parasites of freshwater fish fauna of the USSR”. Vol. 2. pp. 15–251 (in Russian).
C. R. Kennedy D. Di Cave (1998) ArticleTitleGyrodactylu sanguillae (Monogenea): the story of an appearance and a disappearance Folia Parasitologica 45 77–78 Occurrence Handle10.1159/000009929
H. S. Lim T. A. Timofeeva D. I. Gibson (2001) ArticleTitleDactylogyridean monogeneans of the siluriform fishes of the Old World Systematic Parasitology 50 159–197 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1012237801974 Occurrence Handle11590306
G. Malmberg (1970) ArticleTitleThe excretory systems and the marginal hooks as basis for systematics of Gyrodactylus Arkiv fur Zoologie 23 1–235
E. H. Rapoport (1979) Transporte y comercio de especies invasoras: un nuevo concepto de contaminación Ciencia y Desarrollo Mexico 24–29
E. H. Rapoport E. Ezcurra B. Rausal (1976) ArticleTitleDistribution of plant diseases: a look into the biogeography of the future Journal of Biogeography 3 367–372
F. Supino (1912) ArticleTitleCenni morfologici e biologici sopra alcuni percoidi (persico trota; persico sole, Sandra) Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali 51 191–206
M. E. Torchin K. D. Lafferty A. P. Dobson V. J. McKenzie A. M. Kuris (2003) ArticleTitleIntroduced species and their missing parasites Nature 421 628–629
M. E. Torchin K. D. Lafferty A. M. Kuris (2001) ArticleTitleRelease from parasites as natural enemies: increased performance of globally introduced marine crab Biological Invasion 3 333–345 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1015855019360
P. M. Vitousek C. M. Dȁ9Antonio L. D. Loope M. Rejmánek R. Westbrooks (1997) ArticleTitleIntroduced species: a significant component of human caused global change New Zealand Journal of Ecology 21 1–16
I. D. Whittington (1998) ArticleTitleDiversity “down under”: monogeneans in the Antipodes (Australia) with a prediction of monogenean biodiversity worldwide International Journal for Parasitology 28 1481–1493 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00064-2 Occurrence Handle9801912
Zunino, M., 2003. Biogeographical pollution and landscape managing: an overview. Italian-Russian Student Forum. Palermo Thesis of the Forum 70–71.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Galli, P., Stefani, F., Benzoni, F. et al. Introduction of Alien Host–parasite Complexes in a Natural Environment and the Symbiota Concept. Hydrobiologia 548, 293–299 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-3645-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-3645-0