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Magnetotelluric Studies for Hydrocarbon and Geothermal Resources: Examples from the Asian Region

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Abstract

Magnetotellurics (MT) and the other related electrical and electromagnetic methods play a very useful role in resource exploration. This review paper presents the current scenario of application of MT in the exploration for hydrocarbons and geothermal resources in Asia. While seismics is the most preferred method in oil exploration, it is, however, beset with several limitations in the case of sedimentary targets overlain by basalts or evaporate/carbonate rocks where the high-velocity layers overlying the lower velocity layers pose a problem. In such cases, MT plays an important and, in some cases, a crucial role in mapping these potential reservoirs because of significant resistivity contrast generally observed between the basalts and the underlying sedimentary layers. A few case histories are presented that typically illustrate the role of MT in this context. In the case of geothermal exploration, MT is known to be highly effective in deciphering the target areas because of the conductivity structures arising from the presence and circulation of highly conductive fluids in the geothermal target areas. A few examples of MT studies carried out in some of the potential areas of geothermal significance in the Asian region are also discussed. While it is a relatively favorable situation for application of EM and MT methods in the case of exploration of the high-enthalpy region due to the development of well-defined conceptual models, still the low-enthalpy regions need to be understood well, particularly because of more complex structural patterns and the fluid circulation under relatively low-temperature conditions. Currently, a lot of modeling in both geothermal and hydrocarbon exploration is being done using three-dimensional techniques, and it is the right time to go for integration and three-dimensional joint inversion of the geophysical parameters such as resistivity, velocity, density, from MT, electromagnetics (EM), seismics and gravity.

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Acknowledgements

My sincere thanks to the Program Committee of the 23rd Electromagnetic Induction Workshop for inviting me to write a review. I would like to express my gratitude to the Director, CSIR-NGRI, Dr. V. M. Tiwari for his encouragement and financial support. Thanks to the local organizing committee for extending partial funding for attending the workshop. My research was supported with the funding from 12th Five Year Plan project SHORE (PSC 0205) funded by CSIR. The review article would not have been completed without full support from Dr. S.V.S. Sarma. I thank all the authors who have sent me their papers that helped in preparing the review paper. There may be more studies that have been done for which I could not get information for this review. Thanks to Dr. K.K. Abdul Azeez, Mr. Ujjal Borah, Mr. K. Chinna Reddy, Mr. Narendra Babu, Mr. Shivakrishna, Mr. Ajithabh K. S, Mr. Manik Verma for their help at different stages of preparation for this paper. Thanks to Prof. Ian Ferguson for reviewing the initial version of the manuscript. This paper benefitted from the comments of the guest editor, Dr. Ute Weckmann and the two anonymous reviewers.

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    Prasanta K. Patro

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Patro, P.K. Magnetotelluric Studies for Hydrocarbon and Geothermal Resources: Examples from the Asian Region. Surv Geophys 38, 1005–1041 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-017-9439-x

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