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Motional Induction by Tsunamis and Ocean Tides: 10 Years of Progress

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Abstract

Motional induction is the process by which the motion of conductive seawater in the ambient geomagnetic main field generates electromagnetic (EM) variations, which are observable on land, at the seafloor, and sometimes at satellite altitudes. Recent years have seen notable progress in our understanding of motional induction associated with tsunamis and with ocean tides. New studies of tsunami motional induction were triggered by the 2004 Sumatra earthquake tsunami and further promoted by subsequent events, such as the 2010 Chile earthquake and the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. These events yielded observations of tsunami-generated EM variations from land and seafloor stations. Studies of magnetic fields generated by ocean tides attracted interest when the Swarm satellite constellation enabled researchers to monitor tide-generated magnetic variations from low Earth orbit. Both avenues of research benefited from the advent of sophisticated seafloor instruments, by which we may exploit motional induction for novel applications. For example, seafloor EM measurements can serve as detectors of vector properties of tsunamis, and seafloor EM data related to ocean tides have proved useful for sounding Earth’s deep interior. This paper reviews and discusses the progress made in motional induction studies associated with tsunamis and ocean tides during the last decade.

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Acknowledgements

I thank the Working Group for inviting me as a reviewer at the EM Induction Workshop 2016 in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Hisashi Utada, Hisayoshi Shimizu, and Hiroaki Toh provided helpful comments on this review through seminars and personal communications, which made this review comprehensive. Terence J. Sabaka and Robert H. Tyler provided detailed responses to my questions about the CM5 model. I am grateful for the input of Alexander V. Grayver and Neesha R. Schnepf on recent advances. This review was produced while working at the Earthquake Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, as a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) postdoctoral fellow. Production of this review was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research No. 26282101 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.

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  1. Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan

    Takuto Minami

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Minami, T. Motional Induction by Tsunamis and Ocean Tides: 10 Years of Progress. Surv Geophys 38, 1097–1132 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-017-9417-3

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