Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Assessment of the hunting of mammals using local ecological knowledge: an example from the Brazilian semiarid region

  • Published:
Environment, Development and Sustainability Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The hunting of wild animals remains a common activity in various parts of the world, especially in rural communities with poor socioeconomic conditions. To investigate patterns of mammal hunting, this study adopted a rural community located in semiarid Brazil as a model to test whether variables such as perceived abundance, activity period (day or night) and animal biomass could influence the consumption potential of mammal taxa. For this study, a checklist/interview technique using 32 photographs of mammals recorded in the region and two photographs of species that did not occur in the region, which acted as “control” species, was used, in addition to other visual stimuli and free lists. All species presented in the photographs, with the exception of the “control” species, were recognized as occurring in the region. Fourteen species were cited as being those most hunted locally. The species cited as most hunted had an average perceived abundance higher than the group of the least-hunted species. However, there was no significant relationship between hunting of a species and its locally perceived abundance. No significant difference in hunting pressure between diurnal and nocturnal species was found, nor was a relationship between animal biomass and hunting pressure observed. Our findings suggest that perceived abundance is an important factor for choosing a resource fauna, but other factors such as intended use, meat flavor and vulnerability to hunting, among others, may influence the potential use of a species.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abruzzi, W. S. (1979). Population pressure and subsistence strategies among the Mbuti Pygmies. Human Ecology, 7(2), 183–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Albuquerque, A. E., Lima, A., Souto, A., Bezerra, B., Freire, E. M. X., Sampaio, E., et al. (2012). Caatinga revisited: Ecology and conservation of an important seasonal dry forest. Scientific World Journal, 2012(205182), 1–18.

  • Albuquerque, U. P., Ramos, M. A., Lucena, F. P., & Alencar, N. L. (2014). Methods and techniques used to collect ethnobiological data. In U. P. Albuquerque, L. V. F. C. Cunha, F. P. Lucena, & R. R. N. Alves (Eds.), Methods and techniques in ethnobiology and ethnoecology. New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Alexiades, M. N. (1996). Selected guidelines for ethnobotanical research: A field manual (p. 306). New York: The New York Botanical Garden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alves, R. R. N. (2009). Fauna used in popular medicine in Northeast Brazil. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 5(1), 1–30. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-5-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alves, R. R. N. (2012). Relationships between fauna and people and the role of ethnozoology in animal conservation. Ethnobiology and Conservation, 1, 1–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alves, R. R. N., Gonçalves, M. B. R., & Vieira, W. L. S. (2012). Caça, uso e conservação de vertebrados no semiárido Brasileiro. Tropical Conservation Science, 5(3), 394–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alves, R. R. N., Mendonça, L. E. T., Confessor, M. V. A., Vieira, W. L. S., & Lopez, L. C. S. (2009). Hunting strategies used in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. Journal of Ethobiology and Ethnomedicine, 5, 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alves, R. R. N., Mendonça, L. E. T., Confessor, M. V. A., Vieira, W. L. S., Vieira, K. S., & Alves, F. N. (2010). Caça no semiárido paraibano: uma abordagem etnozoológica. In R. R. N. Alves, W. M. S. Souto, & J. S. Mourão (Eds.), Etnozoologia no Brasil: importância, status atual e perspectivas (1st ed.). Recife: Nupeea.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alves, R. R. N., & Souto, W. M. S. (2015). Ethnozoology: A brief introduction. Ethnobiology and Conservation, 4(1), 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andaluz, A. (2005). Regulamento general de vida silvestre. La Paz: Dirección General de Biodiversidad. Ministerio de Desarrollo Sostenible y Medio Ambiente.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayres, M., Ayres Júnior, M., Ayres, D. L., & Santos, A. A. (2007). BIOESTAT - Aplicações estatísticas nas áreas das ciências bio-médicas. Belém, PA: Ong Mamiraua.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, K. (1994). Methods of social research (4th ed.). New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balcazar, A. L. (2012). Dinâmica de plantas medicinais na Floresta Nacional do Araripe (Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil). (Dissertação de Mestrado) Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife.

  • Barbosa, J. A. A., Nobrega, V. A., & Alves, R. R. N. (2010). Aspectos da caça e comércio ilegal da avifauna silvestre por populações tradicionais do semiárido paraibano. Revista de Biologia e Ciências da Terra, 10(2), 39–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbosa, J. A. A., Nobrega, V. A., & Alves, R. R. N. (2011). Hunting practices in the semiarid region of Brazil. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 10(3), 486–490.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barboza, R. R. D. (2013). Práticas cinegéticas e usos tradicionais da mastofauna por povos do semiárido nordestino. João Pessoa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barboza, R. R. D., Lopes, S. F., Souto, W. M. S., Fernandes-Ferreira, H., & Alves, R. R. N. (2016). The role of game mammals as bushmeat in the Caatinga, northeast Brazil. Ecology and Society, 21(2), 1–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bender, M. G., Floeter, S. R., & Hanazaki, N. (2013). Do traditional fishers recognise reef fish species declines? Shifting environmental baselines in Eastern Brazil. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 20, 58–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, E. (2002). Is there a link between wild meat and food security? Conservation Biology, 16, 590–592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borgatti, S. P. (1996). ANTHROPAC 4.0. Natick: Analytic Technologies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Contreras-Moreno, F. M., Cruz-Félix, K., & Bello-Gutiérrez, J. (2012). Patrones de cacería de subsistencia y preferencia de presas en dos sierras del estado de Tabasco. Etnobiología, 10(3), 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costa, I. R., Araújo, F. S., & Lima-Verde, L. W. (2004). Flora e Aspectos auto-ecológicos de um encrave de cerrado na chapada do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 18(4), 759–770.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cruz, M. A. O. M., & Campello, M. L. C. B. (1998). Projeto Araripe – Recursos naturais e patrimônio - Biodiversidade/Fauna - Mastofauna terrestre.

  • Cullen, L., Bodmer, R. E., & Pádua, C. V. (2001). Ecological consequences of hunting in Atlantic forests patches, São Paulo, Brazil. Oryx, 35, 137–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cullen Junior, L. (1997). Hunting and biodiversity in Atlantic forest fragments, São Paulo. Florida: University of Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, G. (2002). Bushmeat and international development. Conservation Biology, 16, 587–589.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dayer, A. A., Stinchfield, H., & Manfredo, M. J. (2007). Stories about wildlife: Developing an instrument for identifying wildlife value orientations cross-culturally. Human Dimensions of Wildlife: An International Journal, 12(5), 307–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deutsch, L. A., & Puglia, L. R. R. (1990). Os animais silvestres: proteção, doenças e manejo (2nd ed.). São Paulo: Globo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fa, J. E., & Brown, D. (2009). Impacts of hunting on mammals in African tropical moist forests: A review and synthesis. Mammal Review, 39(4), 231–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fa, J. E., Juste, J., Burn, R. W., & Broad, G. (2002). Bushmeat consumption and preferences of two ethnic groups in Bioko Island, West Africa. Human Ecology, 30, 397–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes-Ferreira, H., Mendonça, S. V., Albano, C., Ferreira, F. S., & Alves, R. R. N. (2012). Hunting, use and conservation of birds in Northeast Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21, 221–244.

  • Fernández-Llamazares, A., Díaz-Reviriego, I., Luz, A. C., Cabeza, M., Pyhälä, A., & Reyes-Garcá, V. (2015). Rapid ecosystem change challenges the adaptive capacity of Local Environmental Knowledge. Global Environmental Change, 31, 272–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guerra, M. M., & Naranjo, E. J. (2003). Cacería de subsistencia en dos localidades de la selva Lacandona, Chiapas, México. In O. R. Polanco (Ed.), Manejo de fauna silvestre en Amazonia y Latinoamérica. Selección de trabajos V Congreso Internacional (pp. 339–344). Bogotá: CITES, Fundación Natura.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawkes, K., O’Connell, J. F., & Coxworth, J. E. (2010). Family provisioning is not the only reason men hunt. Current Anthropology, 51(2), 259–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IBAMA. (2004). Plano de Manejo da Floresta Nacional do Araripe. Brasilia: Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koster, J. M., Hodgen, J. J., Venegas, M. D., & Copeland, P. J. (2010). Is meat flavor a factor in hunters’ prey choice decisions? Human Nature, 21, 219–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leal, I. R., Silva, J. M. C., Tabarelli, M., & Lacher, T. E, Jr. (2005). Mudando o curso da conservação da biodiversidade na Caatinga do Nordeste do Brasil. Megadiversidade, 1(1), 139–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • LeBrasseur, R. J. (1969). Growth of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keto) under different feeding regimes. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 26, 1631–1645.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lechuga, J. (2001). The feasibility of sport hunting as a wildlife conservation and sustainable development tool in southern México. Msc. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville.

  • Lira, T. I. (2005). Utilización de la fauna silvestre a nivel subsistencia en México. Memorias XXII Simposio Sobre Fauna Silvestre. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia-UNAM, pp. 6–15.

  • MacArthur, R. H., & Pianka, E. R. (1966). On optimal use of a patchy environment. American Naturalist, 100, 603–609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macdonald, D. (2006). La Gran Enciclopedia De Los Mamiferos/The Great Encyclopedia of Mammals. Madri: Editorial LIBSA SA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medeiros, P. M., Almeida, A. L. S., Lucena, R. F. P., Souto, F. J. B., & Albuquerque, U. P. (2014). Use of visual stimuli in ethnobiological research. In U. P. Albuquerque, L. V. F. C. Cunha, F. P. Lucena, & R. R. N. Alves (Eds.), Methods and techniques in ethnobiology and ethnoecology. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melo, R. S., Silva, O. C., Souto, A., Alves, R. R. N., & Schiel, N. (2014). The role of mammals in local communities living in conservation areas in the Northeast of Brazil: An ethnozoological approach. Tropical Conservation Science, 7(3), 423–439.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mendonça, L. E. T., Vasconcellos, A., Souto, C. M., Oliveira, T. P. R., & Alves, R. R. N. (2015). Bushmeat consumption and its implications for wildlife conservation in the semi-arid region of Brazil. Regional Environmental Change,. doi:10.1007/s10113-015-0901-3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mesquita, G. P., & Barreto, G. P. (2015). Evaluation of mammals hunting in indigenous and rural localities in Eastern Brazilian Amazon. Ethnobiology and Conservation, 4, 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monteiro, J. M., Albuquerque, U. P., Lins-Neto, E. M. F., Araújo, E. L., & Amorim, E. L. C. (2006). Use patterns and knowledge of medicinal species among two rural communities in Brazil’s semiarid northeastern region. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 105(1–2), 173–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morales, C. (2000). Cacería de subsistencia en tres comunidades de la zona maya de México y Guatemala. Chetumal: Tesis de Maestría, ECOSUR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naranjo, E. J., Guerra, M. M., Bodmer, R. E., & Bolaños, J. E. (2004). Subsistence hunting by three ethnic groups of the Lacondon Forest, Mexico. Journal of Ethnobiology, 24, 384–395.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noss, A. J., & Cuéllar, R. L. (2008). La sostenibilidad de la cacería de tapirus terrestris y de Tayassu pecari en la tierra comunitaria de origen isoso: El modelo de cosecha unificado. Mastozoología Neotropical, 15(2), 241–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pauly, D. (1995). Anecdotes and the shifting baseline syndrome of fisheries. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 10, 430.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, O., & Gentry, A. H. (1993). The useful plants of Tambopata, Peru: I. Statistical hypotheses tests with a new quantitative technique. Economic Botany, 47(1), 15–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, G. J., & Ollason, J. G. (1987). Eight reasons why optimal foraging theory is a complete waste of time. Oikos, 49(1), 111–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quinlan, M. B., & Quinlan, R. J. (2007). Modernization and medicinal plant knowledge in a Caribbean horticultural village. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 21, 169–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Racero-Casarrubia, J. A., Vidal, C. C., Ruiz, O. D., & Bastelleros, J. C. (2008). Percepción y patronos de uso de la fauna silvestre o comunidades indigenas Embera – Katíos en la cuenca del río San Jorge, zona amortiguadora del PNN – Paramillo. Revista de Estudios Sociales, 31, 118–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramírez, B. P. (2004). La cacería de subsistencia en una comunidad de la zona maya, Quintana Roo, México. México: Tesis de maestría. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur.

    Google Scholar 

  • Redford, K. H. (1997). A floresta vazia. In Manejo e conservação da vida silvestre (C. Valladares-Pádua e R.E. Bodmer, orgs). Sociedade Civil Mamirauá, Belém.

  • Reis, N. R., Peracchi, A. L., Pedro, W. A., & Lima, I. P. (2006). Mamíferos do Brasil. Londrina: Universidade Estadual de Londrina.

  • Rezende, J. P., & Schiavetti, A. (2010). Conhecimentos e usos da fauna cinegética pelos caçadores indígenas “Tupinambá de Olivença” (Bahia). Biota Neotropica, 10(1), 175–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richard-Hansen, C., & Hansen, E. (2004). Hunting and wildlife management in French Guiana: Current aspects and future prospects. In K. M. Silvius, R. E. Bodmer, & J. M. V. Fragoso (Eds.), People in nature: Wildlife conservation in south and central America (pp. 400–409). New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J. G., & Bennett, E. L. (2000). Hunting for sustainability in tropical forests. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J. G., & Redford, K. H. (1991). Neotropical wild life use and conservation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez, M., Montiel, S., Cervera, M. D., Castillo, M. T., & Naranjo, E. J. (2012). The practice and perception of Batida (group Hunting) in a Maya community of Yucatan, Mexico. Journal of Ethnobiology, 32(2), 212–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rozin, P., & Mayer, J. (1961). Regulation of food intake in the goldfish. American Journal of Physiology, 201, 968–974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salvador, O. M., & Reyes, L. M. A. (2008). La caceria tradicional en el Mayab contemporaneo: una mirada desde la ecologia humana. Avance y perspectiva.

  • Silva, F. S., Ramos, M. A., Hanazaki, N., & Albuquerque, U. P. (2011). Dynamics of traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in a rural community in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 21(3), 382–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stearman, A. M., & Redford, K. H. (1995). Game management and cultural survival: The Yuqui ethnodevelopment project in lowland Bolivia. Oryx, 29, 29–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tlapaya, L., & Gallina, S. (2010). Cacería de mamíferos medianos en cafetales del centro de Veracruz, México. Acta Zoológica Mexicana, 26(2), 259–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Vliet, N., Mesa, M. P. Q., Cruz-Antia, D., Aquino, L. J. N., Moreno, J., & Nasi, R. (2014). The uncovered volumes of bushmeat commercialized in the Amazonian trifrontier between Colombia, Peru & Brazil. Ethnobiology and Conservation, 3, 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Vliet, N., Quiceno-Mesa, M. P., Cruz-Antia, D., Tellez, L., Martins, C., Haiden, E., et al. (2015). From fish and bushmeat to chicken nuggets: The nutrition transition in a continuum from rural to urban settings in the Tri frontier Amazon region. Ethnobiology and Conservation, 4, 1–12.

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the funding organizations that effectively supported this research: CAPES, CNPq (471989/2012-6) and FACEPE (APQ-1264-2.05/10). The authors also thank the CNPQ for the research productivity scholarship granted to the UPA and RRNA and the ICMBio and all of the residents of the Horizonte community for their contributions to the development of this research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Social-Ecological Systems, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-030, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

    Belarmino Carneiro da Silva Neto, André Luiz Borba do Nascimento & Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque

  2. Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Ethology, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-030, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

    Nicola Schiel

  3. Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Avenida das Baraúnas, 351, Bodocongó, 58109-753, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil

    Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega Alves

  4. Laboratory of Ethology, Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

    Antonio Souto

Authors
  1. Belarmino Carneiro da Silva Neto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. André Luiz Borba do Nascimento
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nicola Schiel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega Alves
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Antonio Souto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega Alves or Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque.

Appendices

Appendix 1

See Fig. 2.

Fig. 2
figure 2

Sources: a www.flickriver.com, b www.bluechannel24.com, c www.wotcat.com, d www.mae-da-lua.org, e www.klimanaturali.org, f www.livingorganisms-joshua.blogspot.com.br, g www.flickr.com, h www.flickr.com, i www.iefrancaves.blogspot.com.br, j www.capitaldasnascentes.org.br, k www.flickriver.com, l www.pib.socioambiental.org, m www.planetmammiferes.org, n www.flickriver.com, o www.biolib.cz, p www.olhares.uol.com.br, q www.hurriyetdailynews.com, r www.natgeocreative.com, s www.summagallicana.it, t www.combinacionanimal.blogspot.com.br, u www.biolib.cz, v www.faunaparaguay.com, w www.flickriver.com, x www.rbej.com, y www.dicionariotupiguarani.blogspot.com, z www.biolib.cz, aa www.scientific-web.com, ab www.licenciamento.ibama.gov.br, ac www.faunaparaguay.com, ad www.ib.usp.br, ae www.infoescola.com, af www.flickr.com

Photographs of mammal species used in the checklist/interview in the community Horizonte, municipality of Jardim, Ceará, Northeastern Brazil: a (Linnaeus, Panthera onca 1758) (jaguar), b Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771) (cougar), c Puma yagouaroundi (Saint-Hilaire, 1803) (jaguarundi), d Leopardus tigrinus (Schreber, 1775) (oncilla), e Leopardus wiedii (Schinz, 1821) (margay), f Leopardus pardalis (ocelot) (Linnaeus, 1758), g Cerdocyon thous (Wied-Neuwied, 1824) (common fox), h Conepatus semistriatus (Boddaert, 1785) (striped hog-nosed skunk), i Eira barbara barbara (Linnaeus, 1758) (tayra), j Galictis vittata (Schreber, 1776) (greater grison), k Procyon cancrivorus (Cuvier, 1798) (crab-eating raccoon), l Ozotoceros bezoarticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pampas deer), m Mazama gouazoubira superciliaris (Brazilian brocket), n Mazama gouazoubira namby (Fitzinger, 1879) (gray brocket), o Tayassu tajacu (Linnaeus, 1758) (collared peccary), p Tamandua tetradactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) (southern tamandua), q Tolypeutes tricinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Brazilian three-banded armadillo), r Euphractus sexcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) (six-banded armadillo), s Dasypus novemcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) (nine-banded armadillo), t Cabassous unicinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) (southern naked-tailed armadillo), u Callithrix jacchus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Common marmoset), v Didelphis albiventris (Lund, 1840) (white-eared opossum), w Kerodon rupestris (Wied-Neuwied, 1820) (rock cavy), x Galea spixii (Wagler, 1831) (Spix’s yellow-toothed cavy), y Dasyprocta prymnolopha (Wagler, 1831) (black-rumped agouti), z Mus musculus (Linnaeus, 1758) (house mouse), aa Rattus norvegicus (Fischer de Waldheim, 1803) (brown rat), ab Gracilinanus agilis (Burmeister, 1854) (agile gracile opossum), ac Calomys callosus (Rengger, 1830) (large vesper mouse), ad Rhipidomys sp. (climbing mouse), ae Bolomys lasiurus (Lund, 1841) (hairy-tailed bolo mouse), af Trichomys apereoides (Lund, 1839) (Common punaré).

Full size image

Appendix 2

See Fig. 3.

Fig. 3
figure 3

Panthera leo (Linnaeus, 1758) (lion) (a) and Equus burchelli (Graty, 1824) (zebra) (b)

Full size image

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

da Silva Neto, B.C., do Nascimento, A.L.B., Schiel, N. et al. Assessment of the hunting of mammals using local ecological knowledge: an example from the Brazilian semiarid region. Environ Dev Sustain 19, 1795–1813 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-016-9827-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-016-9827-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation