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Considerations on the monitoring of water quality in urban streams: a case study in Portugal

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Abstract

Monitoring water quality in urban stream is of utmost importance for water resources managers, who are pressured to optimize monitoring schemes in order to reduce costs. The present study aims to use the results of a 2-year-long water quality monitoring program of an urban stream in Portugal to identify improvement opportunities. The urban stream under study was subjected to wastewater treatment plants effluent discharges, leachates from a major sealed landfill, low-class housing effluents, and nonpoint sources of pollution. Contributing watersheds are mostly artificial surfaces and agricultural land, which irrigate directly from the river. River water quality was evaluated on 11 sampling locations for 24 months from October 2013 to September 2015. The present paper describes statistical analysis of the results obtained for 12 physicochemical parameters in order to optimize the monitoring scheme. Cluster analysis detected a seasonal variation in the water quality and a spatial pattern based on the major point sources of pollution. A factor analysis showed that the parameters that mostly contribute to water quality assessment in this urban river are alkalinity, ammonia, electrical conductivity, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. Results suggest that the monitoring efforts—and associated costs—may be reduced by decreasing monitoring frequency, sampling points, and monitored parameters. The statistical analysis described in this study may be replicated in other water quality monitoring programs, providing useful and important information for the systematic and iterative assessment of the adequacy of water quality sampling programs towards a sustainable management of water quality surveillance.

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Funding

Research work funded by national funds provided by FCT, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, in the scope of FCT Project UID/Multi/04546/2013, LIPOR, Intermunicipal Waste Management of Greater Porto; and FFP, Fundação Fernando Pessoa.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Portugal. Praça 9 de Abril, 349, Porto, Portugal

    Maria Simas Guerreiro, Isabel Maria Abreu, Álvaro Monteiro, Teresa Jesus & Ana Fonseca

  2. LSRE-LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Álvaro Monteiro

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  1. Maria Simas Guerreiro
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  2. Isabel Maria Abreu
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  3. Álvaro Monteiro
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  4. Teresa Jesus
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  5. Ana Fonseca
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Correspondence to Maria Simas Guerreiro.

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Guerreiro, M.S., Abreu, I.M., Monteiro, Á. et al. Considerations on the monitoring of water quality in urban streams: a case study in Portugal. Environ Monit Assess 192, 347 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-8245-y

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