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The potential of microbes and sulfate in reducing arsenic phytoaccumulation by maize (Zea mays L.) plants

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Abstract

Arsenic (As) contamination in soil–plant system is an important environmental, agricultural and health issue globally. The microbe- and sulfate-mediated As cycling in soil–plant system may depend on soil sulfate levels, and it can be used as a potential strategy to reduce plant As uptake and improve plant growth. Here, we investigated the role of soil microbes (SMs) to examine As phytoaccumulation using maize as a test plant, under varying sulfate levels (S-0, S-5, S-25 mmol kg−1) and As stress. The addition of sulfate and SMs promoted maize plant growth and reduced As concentration in shoots compared to sulfate-treated plants without SMs. Results revealed that the SMs-S-5 treatment proved to be the most promising in reducing As uptake by 27% and 48% in root and shoot of the maize plants, respectively. The SMs-S treatments, primarily with S-5, enhanced plant growth, shoot dry biomass, Chl a, b and total Chl (a + b) contents, and gas exchange attributes of maize plants. Similarly, the antioxidant defense in maize plants was increased significantly in SMs-S-treated plants, notably with SMs-S-5 treatment. Overall, the SMs-S-5-treated plants possessed improved plant growth, dry biomass, physiology and antioxidant defense system and decrease in plant shoot As concentration. The outcomes of this study suggest that sulfate supplementation in soil along with SMs could assist in reducing As accumulation by maize plants, thus providing a sustainable and eco-friendly bioremediation strategy in limiting As exposure.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Higher Education Commission (Project Nos. 6425/Punjab/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2016 and 6396/Punjab/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2016), Pakistan, for providing financial support. Drs Nabeel Khan Niazi and Irshad Bibi are thankful to the University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Dr Irshad Bibi acknowledges the support form COMSTEQ-TWAS research grant 2018 (18-268 RG/EAS/AS_C). Dr Nabeel Niazi is thankful to University of Southern Queensland, Australia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan

    Natasha & Muhammad Shahid

  2. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Irshad Bibi, Rabia Amen, Israr Masood Ul Hasan, Nabeel Khan Niazi, Hafiz Naeem Asghar & Muhammad Mahroz Hussain

  3. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Khalid Hussain

  4. State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China

    Israr Masood Ul Hasan

  5. Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan

    Safdar Bashir

  6. College of Environment, Hohai University Nanjing, Nanjing, 210098, China

    Tariq Mehmood

  7. Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz

  8. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China

    Waqar Ali

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Natasha, Bibi, I., Hussain, K. et al. The potential of microbes and sulfate in reducing arsenic phytoaccumulation by maize (Zea mays L.) plants. Environ Geochem Health 43, 5037–5051 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-00902-5

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