Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems have been suffering deleterious effects due to the development of different economic activities. Metal(loid)s are one of the most persistent chemicals in environmental reservoirs, and may produce adverse effects on different organisms. Since fishes have been largely used in studies of metal(loid)s exposure, tilapia and largemouth bass were collected in three ecosystems from the Yaqui River Basin to measure the concentrations of metal(loid)s (chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), and selenium (Se)) and some biomarkers (somatic indices, metallothionein expression and histopathological analysis) in tissues of both species. Metal(loid) concentrations varied seasonally among ecosystems in tissues of both species. The elements varied seasonally and spatially in tissues of both species, with a general distribution of liver > gills > gonads. Also, biomarkers showed variations indicative that the fish species were exposed to different environmental stressor conditions. The highest values of some biomarkers were in largemouth bass, possibly due to differences in their biological characteristics, mainly feeding habits. The multivariate analysis showed positive associations between metal(loid)s and biomarkers, which are usually associated to the use of these elements in metabolic and/or regulatory physiological processes. Both fish species presented histological damage at different levels, from SI types (changes that are reversible for organ structure) to SII types (changes that are more severe but may be repairable). Taken together, the results from this study suggest that the Yaqui River Basin is moderately impacted by metals and metalloids.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Isabel Ramírez-Hernández, Jorge Cervantes-García, Adolfo Americano, Nicolás Lara-Vázquez, Rodrígo Campa-Molina, and Crisóforo Olaje-Murrieta for their help with fish collection. The authors are grateful to Manuel Lastra-Encinas, Karen Astorga-Cienfuegos, Rubí Hernández-Cornejo, and Christian Mariana Rodriguez Armenta, for their technical support with sample processing, preparation, and laboratory analysis.
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The work was supported by the Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. [project number 10368]. Á.M.-D. was supported by a scholarship from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), México.
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Á.M.-D. and M.E.J.-M.: conceptualization, methodology, data processing, writing—original draft preparation. M.R.-D., S.A.G.-G., M.B.-L. and E.C.-A.: conceptualization, methodology, supervising, writing—reviewing, editing.
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Martínez-Durazo, Á., Rivera-Domínguez, M., García-Gasca, S.A. et al. Assessing metal(loid)s concentrations and biomarkers in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) of three ecosystems of the Yaqui River Basin, Mexico. Ecotoxicology 32, 166–187 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-023-02620-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-023-02620-3