Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Evidence, corruption, and reform: the importance of context-sensitivity

  • Published:
Crime, Law and Social Change Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The types of corruption measures that practitioners find along the existing spectrum can complement each other, but have also posed challenges for policy makers and practitioners. We argue that these challenges have been characterized as conflict between precision and politics, which obscures the possibility for incorporating both aspects into corruption measurements. The paper presents a framework for evaluating corruption datasets in terms of their accessibility to a range of stakeholders, as well as their methodological design, potential for sustainability, and explicit link to reform actions. We believe that this exercise will dispel the myth that the gap between objectivity and inclusiveness is inevitable, and the findings will provide examples of how openness and reform action have been built into the design of some corruption datasets

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. This is in line with the “resistance to reforms” argument first highlighted by Fernandez and Rodrik [2].

  2. There is also the argument that they may not be relevant for outcomes. See [6].

  3. Aggregate measures often combine various types of data, but do so with the understanding that the conceptual grounding of indices overrides concerns about differences in data points.

  4. The Strategy for the Harmonization of Statistics in Africa (SHaSA) has also shown that NSOs are uniquely placed to collected this type of data, and also suggests that corruption modules can be done in collaboration with CSOs. The initiative was developed by the community of African statisticians and supported by UNDP, the AUC, the AfDB and the UNECA to address gaps in nationally-produced governance data.

  5. See also Problem-Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) proposed by Andrews et al. [25].

References

  1. Gujit, Irene. (2015). Playing the Rules of the Game and other strategies. In The Politics of Evidence and Results in International Development: Playing the Game to Change the Rules?, eds. Rosalind Eyben, Irene Guijt, Chris Roche, and Cathay Shutt. Practical Action.

  2. Fernandez, R., & Rodrik, D. (1991). Resistance to reform: Status quo bias in the presence of individual- specific uncertainty. The American Economic Review, 81(5), 1146–1155.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Nye, J. S. (1967). Corruption and political development: A cost-benefit analysis. American Political Science Review, 61(2), 417–427.

  4. Klitgaard, R. (1991). Controlling corruption. Berkeley: University of California Press.

  5. World Bank. (2016). Concept note for 2017 world development report. Washington DC: The World Bank.

  6. Kraay, A., & Tawara, N. (2010). Can Disaggregated Indicators Identify Governance Reform Priorities?. Washington, DC: The World Bank. https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-5254#/doi/book/10.1596/1813-9450-5254.

  7. Eyben, Rosalind, Irene Gujit. (2015). Introduction. In The Politics of Evidence and Results in International Development: Playing the Game to Change the Rules?, eds. Rosalind Eyben, Irene Guijt, Chris Roche, and Cathy Shutt. Practical Action.

  8. Recanatini, F. (2013) “Tackling corruption and promoting better governance: the road ahead”, in Anticorruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role?, eds. S. R. Ackerman and P. Carrington. Durham: Carolina Academic Press.

  9. Trapnell, Stephanie E. (2015). Users’ guide to measuring corruption and anti-corruption. United Nations Development Programme. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/democratic-governance/anti-corruption/user-s-guide---measuring-corruption-and-anticorruption.html.

  10. Arndt, C. (2008). The politics of governance ratings. International Public Management Journal, 11(3), 275–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kaufmann, D., & Kraay, A. (2008). Governance indicators: Where are we, where should we be going? World Bank Research Observer, 23(1), 1–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Mungiu-Pippidi, A. (2015). The quest for good governance: How societies develop control of corruption. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  13. Mungiu-Pippidi, A., & Dadašov, R. (2016). Measuring control of corruption by a new index of public integrity. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 22(3), 415–438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Escresa, Laarni, and Lucio Picci. (2015). A new cross-National Measure of corruption. The World Bank Economic Review: lhv031.

  15. Fazekas, M., Tóth, I. J., & King, L. P. (2016). An objective corruption risk index using public procurement data. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 22(3), 369–397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Johnson, J., & Mason, P. (2013). The proxy challenge: Why bespoke proxy indicators can help solve the anti-corruption measurement problem. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Recanatini, F. (2017). “Understanding governance and corruption using survey data: a novel approach and its applications in policy and research”, in The palgrave handbook of indicators in global governance, eds. D. Malito, G. Umbach and N. Bhuta. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

  18. Booth, D., & Unsworth, S. (2014). Politically smart, locally led development. London: Overseas Development Institute https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/9204.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Reid, G. J. (2009). Actionable governance indicators: Concepts and measurements. Washington, DC: The World Bank http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTPUBLICSECTORANDGOVERNANCE/Resources/286304-1235411288968/AGIConceptsMeasurement.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Trapnell, S. E. (2011). Actionable governance indicators: Turning measurement into reform. Hague Journal on the Rule of Law, 3(02), 317–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. O’Keefe, M., et al. (2014). Using action research and learning for politically informed programming. Birmingham: Development Leadership Program. Research Paper.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Devajaran, S., & Khemani, S. (2016). If politics is the problem, how can external actors be part of the solution? Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Policy Research Working Paper https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/24842.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  23. Gaventa, J., & Barrett, G. (2010). So What Difference Does It Make? Mapping the Outcomes of Citizen Engagement. Brighton, England: Institute of Development Studies. IDS WORKING PAPER. https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/123456789/902/Wp347.pdf?sequence=1.

  24. Global Integrity. (2016). Learning by doing: our action plan for open governance. Washington, DC: Global Integrity. http://www.globalintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Global-Integrity-Learning-Plan-6th-September-2016.pdf

  25. Andrews, M., Pritchett, L., & Woolcock, M. (2012). Escaping Capability Traps through Problem-Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) - Working Paper 299. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development. http://www.Cgdev.Org/Publication/Escaping-Capability-Traps-Through-Problem-Driven-Iterative-Adaptation-Pdia-Working-Paper.

  26. Recanatini, F., Prati, A., & Tabellini, G. (2005). Why are some public agencies less corrupt than others? Lessons for institutional reform from survey data. D.C.: In Washington https://www.imf.org/external/np/res/seminars/2005/arc/pdf/reca.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Charron, N., Dahlström, C., & Lapuente, V. (2016). Measuring Meritocracy in the public sector in Europe: A new national and sub-National Indicator. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 22(3), 499–523.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stephanie Trapnell.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Trapnell, S., Recanatini, F. Evidence, corruption, and reform: the importance of context-sensitivity. Crime Law Soc Change 68, 477–491 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9697-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9697-z

Keywords

Navigation