Abstract
Here we evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between temperament and mental disorders in adolescents. Temperament was assessed in a cohort of 1540 youths by the revised self-report Early Adolescence Temperament Questionnaire (EATQ-R) at baseline and confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the best empirical model. Mental disorders were assessed by parental interview using the Development and Well-Being Behavior Assessment at baseline and at 3-year follow-up. Participants were grouped into Typically Developing Comparisons, Phobias, Distress, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD). Logistic regression models tested the effects of temperament on incidence and remission of mental disorders. The bifactor model of EATQ-R presented the best fit. Distress, ADHD and DBD have lower levels of effortful control in baseline. Adjusted longitudinal analysis showed that effortful control predicted lower incidence of Phobias (OR 0.74; p = 0.018), distress (OR 0.74; p = 0.014) and DBD (OR 0.68; p = 0.037). Temperament factors did not predicted remission rates.
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Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, a science and technology institute funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development; grant numbers 573974/2008-0 and 465550/2014-2) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP; Research Support Foundation of the State of São Paulo; grant number 2008/57896-8 and 2014/50917-0).
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PMP received PhD scholarship from CNPq and receives post-doctoral grant from FAPESP. GGM and GAS received research grants from national funding agencies: FAPERGS, CAPES and CNPq. ECM and RAB received research grants from national funding agencies: CAPES, CNPq and FAPESP. RAB also received research grants from Janssen Cilag, Novartis, Roche in the last 5 years. RAB has participated in speaker bureaus for Ache, Janssen, Lundbeck and Novartis and has been a consultant for Janssen, Novartis and Roche. LAR was on speakers’ bureau and/or acted as consultant for Eli-Lilly, Janssen-Cilag, Medice, Novartis, receives authorship royalties from Oxford Press and ArtMed, and has received unrestricted educational and research support from Eli-Lilly, Janssen-Cilag, Shire and Novartis. MSH and JJM declare no potential conflicts of interest concerning this work.
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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was submitted and approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of São Paulo.
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Hoffmann, M.S., Pan, P.M., Manfro, G.G. et al. Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations of Temperament and Mental Disorders in Youth. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 50, 374–383 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-018-0846-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-018-0846-0