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Increased inflammatory potential of diet is associated with increased odds of prostate cancer in Argentinian men

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Abstract

Purpose

Various aspects of diet, including specific food items and nutrients, have been shown to modulate inflammation and have been implicated in the etiology of prostate cancer (PrCA). No study examining the role of diet-associated inflammation in PrCA has been conducted in Latin America.

Method

We examined the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and PrCA in a population-based case–control study in Córdoba, Argentina. A total of 153 incident cases of PrCA and 309 controls frequency matched on sex, age (± 5 years), and place of residence were recruited from 2008 to 2015. The DII was developed to determine the inflammatory potential of individuals’ diets and was computed from a validated food frequency questionnaire using nutrient data from diet only. Multi-level logistic regression models were fit to evaluate the association between DII scores and PrCA, adjusting for age, body mass index, energy intake, and occupational exposure as first-level covariates and family history of prostate cancer as the second-level variable. Odds ratios were estimated in all subject and stratified by BMI (< 30 vs. ≥ 30 kg/m2).

Results

Men in the most pro-inflammatory group (tertile 3) had 50% higher odds of having PrCA compared to men in the most anti-inflammatory group (tertile 1) (ORtertile3 vs. tertile1 1.50; 95% CI 1.24–1.80). The odds of prostate cancer were higher in obese men (n = 109, ORtertile3 vs. tertile1 1.81; 95% CI 1.45–2.27), while no association was found among non-obese men (n = 375, ORtertile3 vs. tertile1 0.93; 95% CI 0.25–3.51).

Conclusions

A pro-inflammatory diet, reflected by higher DII scores, was positively associated with PrCA occurrence. Based on these results and those from other studies, steps should be taken to promote a diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods, in order to reduce risk of PrCA and other chronic diseases. Future studies should explore this association in a prospective setting.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to all field investigators, staffs, and participants of the present study. Drs. Shivappa and Hébert were supported by Grant Number R44DK103377 from the United States National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Also, we would like to thank the Science and Technology National Agency, FONCyT Grant PICT 2012-1019 for financial support of this study in Argentina and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) for CN, JBC, and MDR fellowships.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA

    Nitin Shivappa & James R. Hébert

  2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA

    Nitin Shivappa & James R. Hébert

  3. Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA

    Nitin Shivappa & James R. Hébert

  4. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Haya de la Torre Esq. Enfermera Gordillo, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina

    Camila Niclis, Julia Becaria Coquet, María D. Román & María del Pilar Diaz

  5. Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros s/n, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina

    Camila Niclis, Julia Becaria Coquet, María D. Román & María del Pilar Diaz

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  1. Nitin Shivappa
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Correspondence to Nitin Shivappa.

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Dr. James R. Hébert owns controlling interest in Connecting Health Innovations LLC (CHI), a company planning to license the right to his invention of the DII® from the University of South Carolina in order to develop computer and smart phone applications for patient counseling and dietary intervention in clinical settings. Dr Nitin Shivappa is an employee of CHI.

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Shivappa, N., Niclis, C., Coquet, J.B. et al. Increased inflammatory potential of diet is associated with increased odds of prostate cancer in Argentinian men. Cancer Causes Control 29, 803–813 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-018-1056-6

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