Skip to main content
Log in

Will “Green” Parents Have “Green” Children? The Relationship Between Parents’ and Early Adolescents’ Green Consumption Values

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Green consumption values have been shown to motivate consumers to engage in green consumption practices. However, surprisingly little research has examined how green consumption values develop in young people. In the current study, we employed ecological socialization theory as a framework to investigate the process by which parents’ green consumption values shape similar values in their young adolescents. In Study 1, data from 722 Chinese families that included an early adolescent (ages 10 to 15) showed that both mothers’ and fathers’ green consumption values were positively associated with early adolescents’ green consumption values, and this association was mediated by each parent’s environmentally responsible consumption behavior. Study 2 replicated the results of Study 1 using two waves of matched parent-adolescent data collected a month apart from another group of 477 Chinese families. Furthermore, Study 2 showed that the mediation process identified in Study 1 was evident only when there was a close parent–child relationship. These findings have implications for cultivating the green consumption values of today’s youth. The results also have heuristic value for future research on the ecological socialization and inter-generational transmission of pro-environmental values.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Antil, J. H. (1984). Socially responsible consumers: Profile and implications for public policy. Journal of Macromarketing, 5(2), 18–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1990). Assessing method variance in multirait-multimethod matrices: The case of self-reported affect and perceptions at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(5), 547–560

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bulut, Z. A., Kökalan Çımrin, F., & Doğan, O. (2017). Gender, generation and sustainable consumption: Exploring the behaviour of consumers from Izmir. Turkey. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 41(6), 597–604

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casaló, L. V., & Escario, J. J. (2016). Intergenerational association of environmental concern: Evidence of parents’ and children’s concern. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 48, 65–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cech, E. A., & Blair-Loy, M. (2019). The changing career trajectories of new parents in STEM. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(10), 4182–4187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cipriani, M., Giuliano, P., & Jeanne, O. (2013). Like mother like son? Experimental evidence on the transmission of values from parents to children. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 90, 100–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collado, S., Staats, H., & Sancho, P. (2017). Normative influences on adolescents’ self-reported pro-environmental behaviors: The role of parents and friends. Environment and Behavior, 51(3), 288–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crohn, K., & Birnbaum, M. (2010). Environmental education evaluation: Time to reflect, time for change. Evaluation and Program Planning, 33(2), 155–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dabija, D. C., Bejan, B. M., & Grant, D. B. (2018). The impact of consumer green behaviour on green loyalty among retail formats: A Romanian case study. Moravian Geographical Reports, 26(3), 173–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487–496

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, I., Oates Caroline, J., Tynan, C., Carrigan, M., Casey, K., Heath, T., et al. (2020). Seeking sustainable futures in marketing and consumer research. European Journal of Marketing, 54(11), 2911–2939

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dietz, T., Fitzgerald, A., & Shwom, R. (2005). Environmental values. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 30(1), 335–372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Döring, A. K., Makarova, E., Herzog, W., & Bardi, A. (2017). Parent–child value similarity in families with young children: The predictive power of prosocial educational goals. British Journal of Psychology, 108(4), 737–756

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, L. G., Coatsworth, J. D., & Greenberg, M. T. (2009). A model of mindful parenting: Implications for parent–child relationships and prevention research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 12(3), 255–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Easterling, D., Miller, S., & Weinberger, N. (1995). Environmental consumerism: A process of children’s socialization and families’ resocialization. Psychology and Marketing, 12(6), 531–550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eccles, J. S., Wigfield, A., Flanagan, C. A., Miller, C., Reuman, D. A., & Yee, D. (1989). Self-concepts, domain values, and self-esteem: Relations and changes at early adolescence. Journal of Personality, 57(2), 283–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan, A., Almanza, B., Mattila, A. S., Ge, L., & Her, E. (2019). Are vegetarian customers more “green”? Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 22(5), 467–482

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feather, N. T. (1995). Values, valences, and choice: The influence of values on the perceived attractiveness and choice of alternatives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(6), 1135–1151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, R. (2006). Congruence and functions of personal and cultural values: Do my values reflect my culture’s values? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(11), 1419–1431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Follows, S. B., & Jobber, D. (2000). Environmentally responsible purchase behaviour: A test of a consumer model. European Journal of Marketing, 34(5/6), 723–746

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 39–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gentina, E., & Muratore, I. (2012). Environmentalism at home: The process of ecological resocialization by teenagers. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 11(2), 162–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gentina, E., Rose, G. M., & Vitell, S. J. (2016). Ethics during adolescence: A social networks perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 138(1), 185–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gentina, E., & Singh, P. (2015). How national culture and parental style affect the process of adolescents’ ecological resocialization. Sustainability, 7(6), 7581–7603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gentina, E., Tang, T. L. P., & Dancoine, P. F. (2018a). Does Gen Z’s emotional intelligence promote iCheating (cheating with iPhone) yet curb iCheating through reduced nomophobia? Computers and Education, 126, 231–247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gentina, E., Tang, T. L. P., & Gu, Q. (2018b). Do parents and peers influence adolescents’ monetary intelligence and consumer ethics? French and Chinese adolescents and behavioral economics. Journal of Business Ethics, 151(1), 115–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graafland, J. (2017). Religiosity, attitude, and the demand for socially responsible products. Journal of Business Ethics, 144(1), 1–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grønhøj, A., & Thøgersen, J. (2009). Like father, like son? Intergenerational transmission of values, attitudes, and behaviours in the environmental domain. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29(4), 414–421

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grønhøj, A., & Thøgersen, J. (2012). Action speaks louder than words: The effect of personal attitudes and family norms on adolescents’ pro-environmental behaviour. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(1), 292–302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grønhøj, A., & Thøgersen, J. (2017). Why young people do things for the environment: The role of parenting for adolescents’ motivation to engage in pro-environmental behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 54, 11–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grusec, J. E., & Hastings, P. D. (2014). Handbook of socialization: Theory and research. Guilford Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, S., & Agrawal, R. (2018). Environmentally responsible consumption: Construct definition, scale development, and validation. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(4), 523–536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halder, P., Hansen, E. N., Kangas, J., & Laukkanen, T. (2020). How national culture and ethics matter in consumers’ green consumption values. Journal of Cleaner Production, 256, 121–754

    Google Scholar 

  • Haws, K. L., Winterich, K. P., & Naylor, R. W. (2014). Seeing the world through GREEN-tinted glasses: Green consumption values and responses to environmentally friendly products. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 24(3), 336–354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, A. F. (2012). PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling [White paper]. Retrieved from http://www.afhayes.com/public/process2012.pdf.

  • Hong, J. S., Voisin, D. R., Hahm, H. C., Feranil, M., & Mountain, S. A. S. K. (2016). A review of sexual attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors among South Korean early adolescents: Application of the ecological framework. Journal of Social Service Research, 42(5), 584–597

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ivanova, D., Stadler, K., Steen-Olsen, K., Wood, R., Vita, G., Tukker, A., et al. (2016). Environmental impact assessment of household consumption. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 20(3), 526–536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jodl, K. M., Michael, A., Malanchuk, O., Eccles, J. S., & Sameroff, A. (2001). Parents’ roles in shaping early adolescents’ occupational aspirations. Child Development, 72(4), 1247–1266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • John, D. R. (1999). Consumer socialization of children: A retrospective look at twenty-five years of research. Journal of Consumer Research, 26(3), 183–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knafo, A., & Schwartz, S. H. (2012). Relational identification with parents, parenting, and parent–child value similarity among adolescents. Family Science, 3(1), 13–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kohlberg, L. (1976). Moral stages and moralization. moral development and behavior: Theory, research, and social issues. (pp. 31–53). Holt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohlberg, L. (1984).The psychology of moral development: The nature and validity of moral stages. Essays on moral development (Vol 2). Harper & Row.

  • Liau, A. K., Choo, H., Li, D., Gentile, D. A., Sim, T., & Khoo, A. (2015). Pathological video-gaming among youth: A prospective study examining dynamic protective factors. Addiction Research and Theory, 23(4), 301–308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Litina, A., Moriconi, S., & Zanaj, S. (2016). The cultural transmission of environmental values: A comparative approach. World Development, 84, 131–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd-Richardson, E. E., Papandonatos, G., Kazura, A., Stanton, C., & Niaura, R. (2002). Differentiating stages of smoking intensity among adolescents: Stage-specific psychological and social influences. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(4), 998–1009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, K. F., Anderson, L. S., Riesch, S. K., Pridham, K. A., & Becker, P. T. (2009). Furthering the understanding of parent–child relationships: A nursing scholarship review series. Part 2: Grasping the early parenting experience—the insider view. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 14(4), 262–283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maniatis, P. (2016). Investigating factors influencing consumer decision-making while choosing green products. Journal of Cleaner Production, 132, 215–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, C., & Czellar, S. (2017). Where do biospheric values come from? A connectedness to nature perspective. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 52, 56–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MEEPRC. (2019). China mobile source environmental management annual report. Retrieved from http://www.mee.gov.cn/hjzl/sthjzk/ydyhjgl/201909/P020190905586230826402.pdf.

  • Meeusen, C. (2014). The intergenerational transmission of environmental concern: The influence of parents and communication patterns within the family. The Journal of Environmental Education, 45(2), 77–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Min, J., Silverstein, M., & Lendon, J. P. (2012). Intergenerational transmission of values over the family life course. Advances in Life Course Research, 17(3), 112–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moschis, G. P. (1985). The role of family communication in consumer socialization of children and adolescents. Journal of Consumer Research, 11(4), 898–913

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muncy, J. A., & Vitell, S. J. (1992). Consumer ethics: An investigation of the ethical beliefs of the final consumer. Journal of Business Research, 24(4), 297–311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mussen, P. H., & Parker, A. L. (1965). Mother nurturance and girls incidental imitative learning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2(1), 94–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Niehaus, C. E., Chaplin, T. M., Turpyn, C. C., & Gonçalves, S. F. (2019). Maternal emotional and physiological reactivity: Implications for parenting and the parenting–adolescent relationship. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(3), 872–883

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Östman, J. (2014). The influence of media use on environmental engagement: A political socialization approach. Environmental Communication, 8(1), 92–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paço, A. D., Shiel, C., & Alves, H. (2019). A new model for testing green consumer behaviour. Journal of Cleaner Production, 207(10), 998–1006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perez-Brena, N. J., Updegraff, K. A., & Umaña-Taylor, A. J. (2014). Youths’ imitation and de-identification from parents: A process associated with parent–youth cultural incongruence in Mexican-American families. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(12), 2028–2040

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinquart, M., & Silbereisen, R. K. (2004). Transmission of values from adolescents to their parents: The role of value content and authoritative parenting. Adolescence, 39(153), 83–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinto, D. C., Nique, W. M., Añaña, E. D. S., & Herter, M. M. (2011). Green consumer values: How do personal values influence environmentally responsible water consumption? International Journal of Consumer Studies, 35(2), 122–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(1), 185–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prioste, A., Narciso, I., Gonçalves, M. M., & Pereira, C. R. (2016). Values’ family flow: Associations between grandparents, parents and adolescent children. Journal of Family Studies, 23(1), 98–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Profe, W., & Wild, L. G. (2017). Mother, father, and grandparent involvement: Associations with adolescent mental health and substance use. Journal of Family Issues, 38(6), 776–797

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raley, S., Bianchi, S. M., & Wang, W. (2012). When do fathers care? Mothers’ economic contribution and fathers’ involvement in child care. American Journal of Sociology, 117(5), 1422–1459

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Renk, K., Roberts, R., Roddenberry, A., Luick, M., Hillhouse, S., Meehan, C., et al. (2003). Mothers, fathers, gender role, and time parents spend with their children. Sex Roles, 48(7–8), 305–315

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Resnick, M. D., Bearman, P. S., Blum, R. W., Bauman, K. E., Harris, K. M., Jones, J., et al. (1997). Protecting adolescents from harm: Findings from the national longitudinal study on adolescent health. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 278(10), 823–832

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roest, A., Dubas, J. S., & Gerris, J. R. (2009). Value transmissions between fathers, mothers, and adolescent and emerging adult children: The role of the family climate. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(2), 146–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sallinen, M., Kinnunen, U., & Rönkä, A. (2004). Adolescents’ experiences of parental employment and parenting: Connections to adolescents’ well-being. Journal of Adolescence, 27(3), 221–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology. (pp. 1–65). Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Segev, S. (2015). Modelling household conservation behaviour among ethnic consumers: The path from values to behaviours. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 39(3), 193–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shan, C. H., & Hawkins, R. (2014). Childcare and parenting practices in Singapore: A comparison of fathers’ and mothers’ involvement. Journal of Tropical Psychology, 4(e10), 1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiel, C., Paço, A. D., & Alves, H. (2020). Generativity sustainable development and green consumer behaviour. Journal of Cleaner Production, 245(1), 118865

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Starrels, M. E. (1992). Attitude similarity between mothers and children regarding maternal employment. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54(1), 91–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., & Guagnano, G. A. (1995). The new ecological paradigm in social-psychological context. Environment and Behavior, 27(6), 723–743

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szapocznik, J., & Kurtines, W. M. (1993). Family psychology and cultural diversity: Opportunities of theory, research, and application. American Psychologist, 48(4), 400–407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taris, T. W. (2000). Quality of mother-child interaction and the intergenerational transmission of sexual values: A panel study. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 161(2), 169–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tonder, E. V., Fullerton, S., & Beer, L. T. D. (2020). Cognitive and emotional factors contributing to green customer citizenship behaviours: A moderated mediation model. Journal of Consumer Marketing., 37(6), 639–650

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, K. M., Telzer, E. H., Gonzales, N. A., & Fuligni, A. J. (2015). Parental cultural socialization of Mexican-American adolescents’ family obligation values and behaviors. Child Development, 86(4), 1241–1252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UNEP (2019). Emissions gap report 2019. Retrieved from https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/30797/EGR2019.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.

  • Valkenburg, P. M., Koutamanis, M., & Vossen, H. G. (2017). The concurrent and longitudinal relationships between adolescents’ use of social network sites and their social self-esteem. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 35–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varshneya, G., Pandey, S. K., & Das, G. (2017). Impact of social influence and green consumption values on purchase intention of organic clothing: A study on collectivist developing economy. Global Business Review, 8(2), 1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan, C., Gack, J., Solorazano, H., & Ray, R. (2003). The effect of environmental education on schoolchildren, their parents, and community members: A study of intergenerational and intercommunity learning. Journal of Environmental Education, 34(3), 12–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Volk, T. L., & Cheak, M. J. (2003). The effects of an environmental education program on students, parents, and community. Journal of Environmental Education, 34(4), 12–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walters, J., & Stinnett, N. (1971). Parent-child relationships: A decade review of research. Journal of Marriage and Family, 33(1), 70–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, S. (1974). Consumer socialization. Journal of Consumer Research, 1(2), 1–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webster, J., & Frederick, E. (1975). Determining the characteristics of the socially conscious consumer. Journal of Consumer Research, 2(3), 188–196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, K., Habib, R., & Hardisty, D. J. (2019). How to SHIFT consumer behaviors to be more sustainable: A literature review and guiding framework. Journal of Marketing, 83(3), 22–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xie, J., Ma, H., Zhou, Z. E., & Tang, H. (2018). Work-related use of information and communication technologies after hours (W_ICTs) and emotional exhaustion: A mediated moderation model. Computers in Human Behavior, 79, 94–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Y., Farver, J. A., Zhang, Z., Zeng, Q., Yu, L., & Cai, B. (2005). Mainland Chinese parenting styles and parent-child interaction. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29(6), 524–531

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan, J., & She, Q. (2011). Developing a trichotomy model to measure socially responsible behaviour in China. International Journal of Market Research, 53(2), 253–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Z., Kim, C., Laroche, M., & Lee, H. (2014). Parental style and consumer socialization among adolescents: A cross-cultural investigation. Journal of Business Research, 67(3), 228–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Z., & Laroche, M. (2011). Parental responsiveness and adolescent susceptibility to peer influence: A cross-cultural investigation. Journal of Business Research, 64(9), 979–987

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yarrow, M. R., & Scott, P. M. (1972). Imitation of nurturant and nonnurturant models. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 23(2), 259–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zigler, E., & Child, L. (1969). The Handbook of Social Psychology. Addison Publishing Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 71802195, 72072185, 71672195), and the Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2020JJ5782). The authors wish to thank the anonymous reviewers, and Dr. Xiuyuan Tang for their excellent advice and critique.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Julan Xie.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

All research procedures involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the research committee at the third author’s institution and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all participants quoted in the study.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Yanping Gong and Jian Li contributed equally to this work as joint first authors.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gong, Y., Li, J., Xie, J. et al. Will “Green” Parents Have “Green” Children? The Relationship Between Parents’ and Early Adolescents’ Green Consumption Values. J Bus Ethics 179, 369–385 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04835-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04835-y

Keywords

Navigation