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Cellulose nanocrystals-based materials as hemostatic agents for wound dressings: a review

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Abstract

Wound dressings are devices used to stop bleeding and provide appropriate environmental conditions to accelerate wound healing. The effectiveness of wound dressing materials can be crucial to prevent deaths from excessive bleeding in surgeries and promote complete restoration of the injury. Some requirements for an ideal wound dressing are rapid hemostatic effect, high swelling capacity, antibacterial properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. However, finding all these properties in a single material remains a challenge. In this context, nanocomposites have demonstrated an excellent capacity for this application because of their multifunctionality. One of the emerging materials used in nanocomposite manufacture is cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which are rod-like crystalline nanometric structures present on cellulose chains. These nanoparticles are attractive for wound healing applications because of their high aspect ratio, high mechanical properties, functionality and low density. Hence, this work aimed to present an overview of nanocomposites constituted by CNCs for wound healing applications. The review focuses on the most common materials used as matrices, the types of dressing, and their fabrication techniques. Novel wound dressings composites have improved hemostatic, swelling, and mechanical properties compared to other pure biopolymers while preserving their other biological properties. Films, nanofibers mats, sponges, and hydrogels have been prepared with CNCs nanocomposites, and in vitro and in vivo tests have proved their suitability for wound healing.

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Reproduced with permission from Ref. (Cheng et al. 2016a). Copyright 2016, Springer Nature

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Reproduced with permission from Ref. (Cheng et al. 2016a). Copyright 2016, Springer Nature

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Reproduced with permission from Ref. (Liu et al. 2018). Copyright 2018, Elsevier

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Reproduced with permission from Ref. (Liu et al. 2018). Copyright 2018, Elsevier

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Copyright 2017, ACS Publications

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the funding received CNPq (130508/2020-9) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo—FAPESP (Project No. 2018/18722-6).

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All the authors contributed to the study conception and design. Idea for the article: LHIM and ACMC. Literature research and data analysis: ACMC and KCdC. Figure design: TH, ACMC, KCdC. Critically revised the work: LZL, TH and LHIM. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

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Correspondence to Anne Carolyne Mendonça Cidreira.

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Cidreira, A.C.M., de Castro, K.C., Hatami, T. et al. Cellulose nanocrystals-based materials as hemostatic agents for wound dressings: a review. Biomed Microdevices 23, 43 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-021-00581-0

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