Abstract
The characterization of acetone in exhaled breath reflects the internal metabolism of glucose in bloodstream and airways. This phenomenon provides a great potential for non-invasive diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and has inspired medical sodalities as an alternative diagnostic tool. This review discusses about the origination of acetone in breath, its correlation with blood glucose level along with the ways to collect breath sample. Furthermore, we also discuss the detection of acetone by chemical sensors with emphasis on the use of pre-concentrators on a single lab-on-chip for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Finally, this review outlines the future directions for the detection of acetone from exhaled breath. The first part of the review introduces the biochemistry and prevalence of diabetes in India along with the existing techniques to estimate the concentration of acetone. The second part focuses on the semiconducting metal oxide and polymer gas sensors which discusses about tailoring the dynamic sensitivity range and selectivity towards acetone in breath. The third part elaborates on the ways to pre-concentrate the target biomarkers along with future perspectives for non-invasive diabetes diagnosis. Finally we also provide the perspectives on future challenges to make it to clinical practice.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H. Ahn, Y. Wang, S.H. Jee, M. Park, Y.S. Yoon, D.J. Kim, Chem. Phys. Lett. 511, 331 (2011)
M. Alexiadou, M. Kandyla, G. Mousdis, M. Kompitsas, Appl. Phys. A 123, 262 (2017)
J.C. Anderson, Obesity 23, 2327 (2015)
J.C. Anderson, W.J.E. Lamm, M.P. Hlastala, J. Appl. Physiol. 100, 880 (2006)
Biomarkers Definitions Working Group Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 69 89–95 (2001)
T.A. Betts, C.A. Tipple, M.J. Sepaniak, P.G. Datskos, Anal. Chim. Acta 422, 89 (2000)
T.P. Burg, M. Godin, S.M. Knudsen, W. Shen, G. Carlson, J.S. Foster, K. Babcock, S.R. Manalis, Nature 446, 1066 (2007)
S. Chakraborty, D. Banerjee, I. Ray, A. Sen, Curr. Sci. 94, 237 (2008)
T.Y. Chen, M.J. Li, J.L. Wang, J. Chromatogr. A 976, 39 (2002)
X. Cheng, Y. Xu, S. Gao, H. Zhao, L. Huo, Sensors Actuators B 155, 716 (2011)
S.M. Cho, Y.J. Kim, G.S. Heo, S.M. Shin, Sensors Actuators B Chem. 117, 50 (2006)
S.J. Choi, B.H. Jang, S.J. Lee, B.K. Min, A. Rothschild, I.D. Kim, Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6, 2588 (2014)
X. Chu, P. Dai, S. Liang, A. Bhattacharya, Y. Dong, M. Epifani, Physica E Low Dimens Syst Nanostruct 106, 326 (2019)
P.K. Chuang, L.C. Wang, C.T. Kuo, Thin Solid Films 529, 205 (2013)
A. Daneshkhah, S. Shrestha, M. Agarwal, K. Varahramyan, Sensors Actuators B 221, 635 (2015)
S. Das, S. Pal, M. Mitra, J. Med. Biol. Eng. 36(605) (2016)
C. Deng, J. Zhang, X. Yu, W. Zhang, X. Zhang, J. Chromatogr. B 810, 269 (2004)
M. Ding, D.C. Sorescu, A. Star, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 9015 (2013)
J.S. Do, S.H. Wang, Sensors Actuators B 185, 39 (2013)
Y. Dong, W. Gao, Q. Zhou, Y. Zheng, Z. You, Anal. Chim. Acta 671, 85 (2010)
Executive Summary of India Council of Medical Research Youth Diabetes Registry Phase – 1 Report http://icmr.nic.in/final/diabetes/Executive%20summary%20YDR%2025082014.pdf
L. Fadel, F. Lochon, I. Dufour, O. Francais, J. Micromech. Microeng. 14, 23 (2004)
N. Fens, M.P. Van der Schee, P. Brinkman, P.J. Sterk, Clin. Exp. Allergy 43, 705 (2013)
I. Gracia, P. Ivanov, F. Blanco, N. Sabate, X. Vilanova, X. Correig, L. Fonseca, E. Figueras, J. Santander, C. Cane, Sensors Actuators B 132, 149 (2008)
A. Hasani, H.S. Dehsari, J.N. Gavgani, E.K. Shalamzari, A. Salehi, F.A. Taromi, M. Mahyari, Microchim. Acta 182, 1551 (2015)
J. Hu, Y. Wang, W. Wang, Y. Xue, P. Li, K. Lian, L. Chen, W. Zhang, S. Zhuiykov, J. Mater. Sci. 52, 11554 (2017)
Q.Q. Jia, H.M. Ji, P. Gao, X. Bai, Z.G. Jin, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 26, 5792 (2015)
R. Kalidoss, S. Umapathy, R. Anandan, V. Ganesh, Y. Sivalingam, Anal. Chem. 91, 5116 (2019)
K.W. Kao, M.C. Hsu, Y.H. Chang, S. Gwo, J.A. Yeh, Sensors 12, 7157 (2012)
J. Kaur, K. Anand, K. Anand, R. C. Singh, J. Mater. Sci. 53 12894 (2018)
N. Kilinc, O. Cakmak, A. Kosemen, E. Ermek, S. Ozturk, Y. Yerli, Z.Z. Ozturk, H. Urey, Sensors Actuators B 202, 357 (2014)
J. King, P. Mochalski, A. Kupferthaler, K. Unterkofler, H. Koc, W. Filipiak, S. Teschl, H. Hinterhuber, A. Amann, Physiol. Meas. 31, 1169 (2010)
S. Kischkel, W. Miekisch, A. Sawacki, E.M. Straker, P. Trefz, A. Amann, J.K. Schubert, Clin. Chim. Acta 411, 1637 (2010)
J. Lee, M. Jung, S. Barthwal, S. Lee, S.H. Lim, Biochip J. 9, 44 (2014)
J.H. Leopold, R.T.M.V. Hooijdonk, P.J. Sterk, A.A. Hanna, M.J. Schultz, L.D. Bos, BMC Anesthesiol. 14, 46 (2014)
D. Lian, B. Shi, R. Dai, X. Jia, X. Wu, J. Nanopart. Res. 19, 401 (2017)
Y. Lin, H. Ji, Z. Shen, Q. Jia, D. Wang, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 27, 2086 (2016)
Z. Liu, T. Yang, Y. Dong, X. Wang, Sensors 18, 3113 (2018)
C.J. Lu, E.T. Zellers, Anal. Chem. 73, 3449 (2001)
C.J. Lu, E.T. Zellers, Analyst 127, 1061 (2002)
D. Maity, K. Rajavel, R.T.R. Kumar, Sensors Actuators B 261, 297 (2018)
S. K. Mohapatra, S. K. Mahapatra, S. K. Tripathy, L. Kanoje In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Communication. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ed. by J. Mandal, S. Satapathy, M. Sanyal, V. Bhateja (Springer, Singapore, 2017), p. 17
M.E. O’Hara, T.H.C. Brock, S. Green, C.A. Mayhew, J. Breath Res. 3, 027005 (2009)
C. Peng, J. Guo, W. Yang, C. Shi, M. Liu, Y. Zheng, J. Xu, P. Chen, T. Huang, Y. Yang, J. Alloys Compd. 654, 371 (2016)
L. Peng, T.F. Xie, M. Yang, P. Wang, D. Xu, S. Pang, D.J. Wang, Sensors Actuators B 131, 660 (2008)
T. Pisarkiewicz, W. Maziarz, A. Rydosz, J. Mueller, M. Mach, Procedia Eng. 5, 1244 (2010)
A. Rydosz, J. Microelectr. Electr. Compon. Mater. 44, 126 (2014)
A. Rydosz, W. Maziarz, T. Pisarkiewicz, K. Domański, P. Grabiec, Microelectron. Reliab. 52, 2640 (2012)
A. Rydosz, D. Michon, K. Domanski, W. Maziarz, T. Pisarkiewicz, Adv. Electr. Comput. En. 14, 59 (2016)
S. Sachdeva, R. Agarwal, A. Agarwal, Microsyst. Technol. 1 (2018a)
S. Sachdeva, R. Agarwal, A. Agarwal, Bull. Mater. Sci. 41, 105 (2018b)
S. Salehi, E. Nikan, A.A. Khodadadi, Y. Mortazavi, Sensors Actuators B 205, 261 (2014)
J.H. Seo, S.K. Kim, E.T. Zellers, K. Kurabayashi, Lab Chip 12, 717 (2012)
N. Shiraishi, T. Ikehara, D.V. Dao, S. Sugiyama, Y. Ando, Sensors Actuators A 202, 233 (2013)
P. Si, J. Mortensen, A. Komolov, J. Denborg, P.J. Moller, Anal. Chim. Acta 597, 223 (2007)
D. Smith, P. Spanel, A.A. Fryer, F. Hanna, G.A.A. Ferns, J. Breath Res. 5, 022001 (2011)
C. Steffens, F.L. Leite, A. Manzoli, R.D. Sandoval, O. Fatibello, P.S.P. Herrmann, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 14, 6718 (2014)
L. Sun, Z. Yao, A.A. Haidry, Z. Li, Q. Fatima, L. Xie, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 29, 14546 (2018)
M. Sun, Z. Chen, Z. Gong, X. Zhao, C. Jiang, Y. Yuan, Z. Wang, Y. Li, C. Wang, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 407, 1641 (2015)
C. Turner, C. Walton, S. Hoashi, M. Evans, J. Breath Res. 3, 046004 (2009)
I. Ueta, Y. Saito, M. Hosoe, M. Okamoto, H. Ohkita, S. Shirai, H. Tamura, K. Jinno, J. Chromatogr. B 877, 2551 (2009)
A. Vomiero, S. Bianchi, E. Comini, G. Faglia, M. Ferroni, G. Sberveglieri, Cryst. Growth Des. 7, 2500 (2007)
C. Wang, A.B. Surampudi, Meas. Sci. Technol. 19, 105604 (2008)
C. Wang, A. Mbi, M. Sheperd, IEEE Sensors J. 10, 54 (2010)
L. Wang, A. Teleki, S. Pratsinis, P. Gouma, Chem. Mater. 20, 4794 (2008)
Z. Wang, C. Wang, J. Breath Res. 7, 037109 (2013)
S. Wei, J. Zhao, W. Du, Ceram. Int. 41, 769 (2015)
M.Y. Wong, W.R. Cheng, M.H. Liu, W.C. Tian, C.J. Lu, Talanta 101, 307 (2012)
T. Xiao, X.Y. Wang, Z.H. Zhao, L. Li, L. Zhang, H.C. Yao, J.S. Wang, Z.J. Li, Sensors Actuators B 199, 210 (2014)
R. Xing, L. Xu, J. Song, C. Zhou, Q. Li, D. Liu, H.W. Song, Sci. Rep. 5, 10717 (2015)
D. Zhang, A. Liu, H. Chang, B. Xia, RSC Adv. 5, 3016 (2015)
M.G. Zhou, Y. Liu, W.W. Li, X. Yuan, X.F. Zhan, J. Li, Y.X. Duan, Y. Liu, Z.H. Gao, Y. Cheng, S.Q. Cheng, H. Li, Y. Liang, Chin. Sci. Bull. 59, 1992 (2014)
L. Zhu, W. Zeng, Sensors Actuators A (2017)
Y.A. Zolotov, J. Anal. Chem. 60, 497 (2005)
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to the Department of Biomedical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology for encouraging the research and providing necessary financial assistance.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kalidoss, R., Umapathy, S. An overview on the exponential growth of non-invasive diagnosis of diabetes mellitus from exhaled breath by nanostructured metal oxide Chemi-resistive gas sensors and μ-preconcentrator. Biomed Microdevices 22, 2 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-019-0448-z
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-019-0448-z