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Gadolinium promoted proliferation and enhanced survival in human cervical carcinoma cells

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Abstract

The effect of gadolinium chloride (Gd) on the proliferation of HeLa cells was investigated at lower concentration. The results obtained by MTT and cell cycle analysis showed that Gd promoted proliferation by inducing S phase entry in HeLa cells at the concentration less than 100 μM. It was further evidenced by both an increase in the levels of phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and a remarkable increase in cyclin E expression. Moreover, the survival of cells, exposed to Gd up to 3–5 days, was increased compared with control. The attenuation of the serum deprivation-induced cell loss by Gd was associated with the sustained activation of FAK (PY397) and the delayed activation of JNKs pathway. Besides, it appeared that Gd promoted cell proliferation and survival in HeLa cells was not contributed to the ROS generation. Based on the present results, both positive and negative effects of the lanthanides as potential drugs or diagnostic agents are discussed.

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Abbreviations

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

DCFH-DA:

2, 7-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

DTT:

Dithiothreitol

EGTA:

Ethyleneglycol bis (2-aminoethyl ether) tetraacetic acid

FAK:

Focal adhesion kinase

FBS:

Fetal bovine serum

FITC:

Fluorescein isothiocyanate

Gd:

Gadolinium chloride

HE:

Dihydroethidium

HRP:

Horseradish peroxidase

MTT:

3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazoyl-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

p38 MAP kinase:

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases

PI:

Propidium iodide

PMSF:

Phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride

pRb:

Retinoblastoma protein

PVDF:

Polyvinylidene difluoride

RNase:

Ribonuclease

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SAPK/JNK:

Stress activated protein kinase/c-jun N-terminal kinase

SDS:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

PAGE:

polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20637010).

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Correspondence to Xiao-Gai Yang.

Additional information

Y. Zhang and L.-J. Fu contributed equally to this manuscript.

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Zhang, Y., Fu, LJ., Li, JX. et al. Gadolinium promoted proliferation and enhanced survival in human cervical carcinoma cells. Biometals 22, 511–519 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-009-9208-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-009-9208-5

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