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Efficiencies of selected biotreatments for the remediation of PAH in diluted bitumen contaminated soil microcosms

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Abstract

Unconventional oils such as diluted bitumen from oil sands differs from most of conventional oils in terms of physiochemical properties and PAHs composition. This raises concerns regarding the effectiveness of current remediation strategies and protocols originally developed for conventional oil. Here we evaluated the efficiency of different biotreatment approaches, such as fungi inoculation (bioaugmentation), sludge addition (bioaugmentation/biostimulation), perennial grasses plantation (phytoremediation) and their combinations as well as natural attenuation (as control condition), for the remediation of soil contaminated by synthetic crude oil (a product of diluted bitumen) in laboratory microcosms. We specifically monitored the PAHs loss percentage (alkylated PAHs and unsubstituted 16 EPA Priority PAHs), the residue of PAHs and evaluated the ecotoxicity of soil after treatment. All treatments were highly efficient with more than ~ 80% of ∑PAHs loss after 60 days. Distinctive loss efficiencies between light PAHs (≤ 3 rings, ~ 96% average loss) and heavy PAHs (4–6 rings, ~ 29% average loss) were observed. The lowest average PAHs residue (0.10 ± 0.02 mg·kg−1, for an initial concentration of 0.29 ± 0.12 mg·kg−1) was achieved with the “sludge—plants (grasses)” combination. Sludge addition was the only treatment that achieved significantly lower ecotoxicity (3% ± 4% of growth inhibition of L. sativa) than the control (natural attenuation, 13% ± 4% of inhibition). Sludge addition, grasses plantation and “sludge—fungi combination” treatments could result in lower PAH exposure (than other treatments) in post-treated soil when using the Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines for the protection of environmental and human health for potentially carcinogenic and other PAHs.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by a NSERC strategic partnership grants (CG113698) and a NSERC discovery grant (RGPIN-2016-03660). The authors also thank the review and helpful comments given by Maximiliano Cledon.

Funding

This study was supported by a NSERC strategic partnership Grant No. (CG113698) and a NSERC discovery Grant No. (RGPIN-2016–03660).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada

    Ziang Li & Rosa Galvez

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Canada

    Ziang Li & Jean-Philippe Bellenger

  3. Eau Terre Environnement Research Centre, INRS, Quebec City, Canada

    Joanna Lecka & Satinder K. Brar

  4. Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Canada

    Hubert Cabana

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  1. Ziang Li
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Li, Z., Cabana, H., Lecka, J. et al. Efficiencies of selected biotreatments for the remediation of PAH in diluted bitumen contaminated soil microcosms. Biodegradation 32, 563–576 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-021-09952-z

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