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Effect of influent substrate ratio on anammox granular sludge: performance and kinetics

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Abstract

Effect of influent substrate ratio on anammox process was studied in sequencing batch reactor. Operating temperature was fixed at 35 ± 1 °C. Influent pH and hydraulic retention time were 7.5 and 6 h, respectively. When influent NO2 −-N/NH4 +-N was no more than 2.0, total nitrogen removal rate (TNRR) increased whereas NH4 +-N removal rate stabilized at 0.32 kg/(m3 d). ΔNO2 −-N/ΔNH4 +-N increased with enhancing NO2 −-N/NH4 +-N. When NO2 −-N/NH4 +-N was 4.5, ΔNO2 −-N/ΔNH4 +-N was 1.98, which was much higher than theoretical value (1.32). The IC50 of NO2 −-N was 289 mg/L and anammox activity was inhibited at high NO2 −-N/NH4 +-N ratio. With regard to influent NH4 +-N/NO2 −-N, the maximum NH4 +-N removal rate was 0.36 kg/(m3 d), which occurred at the ratio of 4.0. Anammox activity was inhibited when influent NH4 +-N/NO2 −-N was higher than 5.0. With influent NO3 −-N/NH4 +-N of 2.5–6.5, NH4 +-N removal rate and NRR were stabilized at 0.33 and 0.40 kg/(m3 d), respectively. When the ratio was higher than 6.5, nitrogen removal would be worsened. The inhibitory threshold concentration of NO2 −-N was lower than NH4 +-N and NO3 −-N. Anammox bacteria were more sensitive to NO2 −-N than NH4 +-N and NO3 −-N. TNRR would be enhanced with increasing nitrogen loading rate, but sludge floatation occurred at high nitrogen loading shock. The Han-Levenspiel could be applied to simulate nitrogen removal resulting from NO2 −-N inhibition.

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Acknowledgements

The work was financially supported by National Natural Scientific Foundation (41376016), Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (BS2015HZ007) and Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program (J15LC61). The authors would like to thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for their editing and review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Weiqiang Zhu, Jin Li & Peiyu Zhang

  2. Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China

    Huiyu Dong

  3. National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing, 100081, China

    Dan Wang

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  1. Weiqiang Zhu
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  2. Jin Li
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Correspondence to Jin Li.

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Zhu, W., Li, J., Dong, H. et al. Effect of influent substrate ratio on anammox granular sludge: performance and kinetics. Biodegradation 28, 437–452 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-017-9807-8

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