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Pesticide dissipation and microbial community changes in a biopurification system: influence of the rhizosphere

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Abstract

The dissipation of atrazine, chlorpyrifos and iprodione in a biopurification system and changes in the microbial and some biological parameters influenced by the rhizosphere of Lolium perenne were studied in a column system packed with an organic biomixture. Three column depths were analyzed for residual pesticides, peroxidase, fluorescein diacetate activity and microbial communities. Fungal colonization was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy to assess the extent of its proliferation in wheat straw. The L. perenne rhizosphere enhanced pesticide dissipation and negligible pesticide residues were detected at 20–30 cm column depth. Atrazine, chlorpyrifos and iprodione removal was 82, 89 and 74% respectively in the first 10 cm depth for columns with vegetal cover. The presence of L. perenne in contaminated columns stimulated peroxidase activity in all three column depth sections. Fluorescein diacetate activity decreased over time in all column sections with the highest values in biomixtures with vegetal cover. Microbial communities, analyzed by PCR-DGGE, were not affected by the pesticide mixture application, presenting high values of similarity (>65%) with and without vegetal cover. Microbial abundance of Actinobacteria varied according to treatment and no clear link was observed. However, bacterial abundance increased over time and was similar with and without vegetal cover. On the other hand, fungal abundance decreased in all sections of columns after 40 days, but an increase was observed in response to pesticide application. Fungal colonization and straw degradation during pesticide dissipation were verified by monitoring the lignin autofluorescence loss.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by FONDECYT No. 1120963 and partially by projects 1161481 and, CONICYT/FONDAP/15130015 and GAP 2015-DIUFRO.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile

    M. C. Diez, O. Rubilar, G. R. Tortella, H. Schalchli & C. Bornhardt

  2. Chemical Science and Natural Resource Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile

    S. Elgueta & F. Gallardo

  3. Biotechnological Research Center Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile

    M. C. Diez, O. Rubilar, G. R. Tortella, H. Schalchli, C. Bornhardt & F. Gallardo

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  1. M. C. Diez
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  2. S. Elgueta
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  4. G. R. Tortella
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Correspondence to M. C. Diez.

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Diez, M.C., Elgueta, S., Rubilar, O. et al. Pesticide dissipation and microbial community changes in a biopurification system: influence of the rhizosphere. Biodegradation 28, 395–412 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-017-9804-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-017-9804-y

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