Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The status and conservation of Galliformes in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Biodiversity and Conservation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam form a diverse and important region for the order Galliformes with at least 21 species, comprising 10 pheasants, seven partridges, three quails and one francolin. Several are endemic to the region and several are considered globally threatened. Information was collated for each species on the Indochinese range, habitat use and conservation status. This information was used to determine gross patterns in conservation requirements, prioritised partly through the global importance of the Indochinese population. The galliform species at most immediate risk in Indochina is probably Green Peafowl, through heavy hunting exacerbated by increasing human access to former wildernesses. The endemic Edwards’s Pheasant also merits specific conservation attention. Other forest species occur widely throughout surviving habitat, which remains landscape-scale despite serious losses in recent decades. Non-forest species, notably three quails (none endemic) remain very poorly known and threat levels cannot be assessed. For galliform conservation in Indochina by far the most important action is turning the existing declared protected areas networks into functional reality conserving a multitude of landscapes, each of hundreds of square kilometres, across the region. Past assessments of threat level to Indochinese forest Galliformes have been alarmist: many species are persisting in heavily-hunted fragments of the 10–50 sq. km size class, where many other forest vertebrates have been extirpated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anon (1999) Investment plan for Kon Cha Rang Nature Reserve, Gia Lai province. Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Hanoi [in Vietnamese]

  • Atkins RA, Tentij M (1998a) The Orange-necked Partridge Arborophila davidii and five other galliformes in two protected areas in southern Vietnam. Institute of Systematic and Population Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkins RA, Tentij M (1998b) A survey of the orange-necked partridge Arborophila davidi and four other galliforms. World Pheasant Assoc News 55:24–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Bangs O, Van Tyne J (1931) Birds of the Kelley-Roosevelts expedition to French Indochina. Publications of the field museum of natural history. Zool Ser 18:33–119

    Google Scholar 

  • Baral HS, Inskip C (2004) The state of Nepal’s birds 2004. Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Bird Conservation Nepal and IUCN-Nepal, Kathmandu

  • Berkmüller K, Evans T, Timmins R, Vongphet V (1995) Recent advances in nature conservation in the Lao PDR. Oryx 29:253–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bezuijen MR (2006) Incidental wetland bird observations from Attapu and Savannakhet provinces, Lao PDR. March–June (2005). Forktail 22:49–56

    Google Scholar 

  • BirdLife International (2001a) Threatened birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • BirdLife International (2001b) Sourcebook of existing and proposed protected areas in Vietnam. BirdLife International Vietnam Programme and the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • BirdLife International (2006) Species factsheet: Arborophila cambodiana. Available from BirdLife International http://www.birdlife.org. Accessed 2 November 2006

  • Bourret R (1943) Liste des oiseaux récemment entrés dans les collections du Laboratoire de Zoologie. Notes et travaux de l’École supérieure des Sciences de l’Université Indochinoise. Hanoi 2:18–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourret R (1944) Liste des oiseaux dans la collection du Laboratoire de Zoologie, troisième liste, (1943) Notes et travaux de l’Ecole supérieure des Sciences de l’Université Indochinoise. Hanoi 3:19–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Brickle NW (2002) Habitat use, predicted distribution and conservation of Green Peafowl (Pavo muticus) in Dak Lak province, Vietnam. Biol Conserv 105:189–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Brickle NW, Nguyen C, Ha QQ, Nguyen TTC, Hoang VS (1998) The status and distribution of Green Peafowl in Dak Lak province, Vietnam. BirdLife International Vietnam Programme, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Brisbin IL (2002) Concerns for the genetic integrity and conservation status of the Red Junglefowl. Tragopan 4:11–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Brisbin IL, Peterson AT, Okimoto R, Tomato G (2002) Characterization of the genetic status of populations of Red Junglefowl. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 99:217–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckton ST, Safford RJ (2004) The avifauna of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Bird Conserv Int 14:279–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Collar NJ, Crosby MJ, Stattersfield AJ (1994) Birds to watch 2: the world list of threatened birds. Conservation series no. 4. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK

  • Conroy MJ, Carroll JP (2001) Estimating the abundance of Galliformes: tools and their application. In: Woodburn M, McGowan P, Carroll J, Musavi A, Zhang ZW (eds) Galliformes 2000. King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation, Kathmandu and World Pheasant Association, Reading, UK, pp 204–215

    Google Scholar 

  • Cullen L Jr, Bodmer RE, Padua CV (2000) Effects of hunting in habitat fragments of the Atlantic forests, Brazil. Biol Conserv 95:49–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Daltry JC, Momberg F (eds) (2000). Cardamom mountains: biodiversity survey 2000. Fauna and Flora International, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • David-Beaulieu A (1944) Les oiseaux du Tranninh. Université Indochinoise, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • David-Beaulieu A (1949–1950) Les oiseaux de la Province de Savannakhet (Bas-Laos). L’Oiseau R.f.O. 19:41–84, 153–194; 20:9–50

  • Davidson P (2000) Twenty six further new species for Cambodia. Cambodia Bird News 6:37–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson P (ed) (1998) A wildlife and habitat survey of Nam Et and Phou Louey national biodiversity conservation areas, Houaphan province, Lao P.D.R. Centre for Protected Areas and Watershed Management/Wildlife Conservation Society, Vientiane

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson P, Robichaud WG, Tizard RJ, Vongkhamheng C, Wolstencroft J (1997) A wildlife and habitat survey of Dong Ampham NBCA and Phou Kathong proposed NBCA, Attapu province, Lao PDR. Centre for Protected Areas and Watershed Management/Wildlife Conservation Society, Vientiane

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson P, Poole C, Walston J (2003) Endangered partridge discovered in Cambodia. Bull Oriental Bird Club 37:61

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson P, Le MH, Le TT, Ngo XT (2005) An assessment of the bird conservation value of Tam Dao National Park. Unpublished report to GTZ Project, Hanoi

  • Davison GWH (1982) Systematics within the genus Arborophila Hodgson. Federated Mus J 27:125–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Delacour J (1927) [New birds from Indo-China.]. Bull Brit Orn Club 47:151–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Delacour J (1929) On birds collected during the fourth expedition to French Indo-China. Ibis 5(12):193–220, 403–429

    Google Scholar 

  • Delacour J (1930) On the birds collected during the fifth expedition to French Indo-China. Ibis 6(12):564–599

    Google Scholar 

  • Delacour J (1949) The genus Lophura (Gallopheasants). Ibis 91:188–220

    Google Scholar 

  • Delacour J (1977) Pheasants of the world, 2nd edn. Spur Publications, Hindhead

    Google Scholar 

  • Delacour J, Greenway JC (1940) Liste des oiseaux receuillis dans la province du Haut-Mekong et le royaume de Luang-Prabang. L’Oiseau RfO 10:25–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Delacour J, Jabouille P (1925) On the birds of Quang-tri, Central Annam; with notes on others from other parts of French Indo-China. Ibis 1(12):209–260

    Google Scholar 

  • Delacour J, Jabouille P (1927) Recherches ornithologiques dans les provinces du Tranninh (Laos), de Thua-Thien et de Kontoum (Annam) et quelques autres régions de l’Indochine française. Archives d’Histoire Naturelle.Société Nationale d’Acclimatation de France, Paris, xii + 216 pp

  • Delacour J, Jabouille P (1928) Twenty-one new birds from Indo-China. Bull Brit Orn Club 48:125–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Delacour J, Jabouille P (1931) Les oiseaux de l’Indochine française, 4 vols. Exposition Coloniale Internationale, Paris

  • Delacour J, Jabouille P, Lowe WP (1928) On the birds collected during the third expedition to French Indo-China. Ibis 4(12):23–51; 285–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickinson EC (1970a) Birds of the Legendre Indochina Expedition 1931–32. Am Mus Novit 2424:1–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickinson EC (1970b) Notes upon a collection of birds from Indochina. Ibis 112:481–487

    Google Scholar 

  • Duckworth JW (1996) Bird and mammal records from the Sangthong District, Vientiane Municipality, Laos in 1996. Nat Hist Bull Siam Soc 44:217–242 (including errata published at 46:210–211)

  • Duckworth JW (2006) Six species of bird new to Laos. Forktail 22:147–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Duckworth JW, Hedges S (1998) A review of the status of Tiger, Asian Elephant, Gaur and Banteng in Vietnam, Lao, Cambodia and Yunnan (China), with recommendations for future conservation action. WWF Indochina Programme, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Duckworth JW, Tizard RJ (2003) W. W. Thomas’s bird records from Laos, principally Vientiane, 1966–1968 and 1981–1983. Forktail 19:63–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Duckworth JW, Tizard RJ, Timmins RJ, Thewlis RM, Robichaud WG, Evans TD (1998) Bird records from Laos, October 1994–August 1995. Forktail 13:33–68 (including errata sheet distributed with Forktail 14)

    Google Scholar 

  • Duckworth JW, Salter RE, Khounboline K (eds) (1999) Wildlife in Lao PDR: 1999 status report. IUCN-The World Conservation Union/Wildlife Conservation Society/Centre for Protected Areas and Watershed Management, Vientiane

  • Duckworth JW, Davidson P, Evans TD, Round PD, Timmins RJ (2002) Bird records from Laos, principally the upper Lao/Thai Mekong and Xiangkhouang province, in 1998–2000. Forktail 18:11–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Duckworth JW, Poole CM, Timmins RJ, Tizard RJ, Walston JL (2005) The Jungle Cat Felis chaus in Indochina: a threatened population of a widespread and adaptable species. Biodivers Conserv 14:1263–1280

    Google Scholar 

  • Dymond JN (1998) Birds in Vietnam in December 1993 and December 1994. Forktail 13:7–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Eames JC (1995a) The Bengal Florican in Indochina. Forktail 11:39–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Eames JC (1995b) Endemic birds and protected area development on the Da Lat plateau, Vietnam. Bird Conserv Int 5:491–523

    Google Scholar 

  • Eames JC (1997) A preliminary survey for the Bengal Florican in Cambodia. Nat Hist Bull Siam Soc 45:99–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Eames JC, Nguyen DT (2002) An interim biodiversity report for Yok Don National Park, Dak Lak province, Vietnam. Unpublished report to the Vietnam PARC Project. Yok Don Component, Hanoi

  • Eames JC, Robson CR, Wolstencroft JA (1989) Pheasant surveys in Vietnam 1988. Unpublished report to International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge

  • Eames JC, Robson CR, Nguyen C, Truong VL (1992) Forest bird surveys in Vietnam 1991. ICBP study report no. 51

  • Eames JC, Lambert FR, Nguyen C (1994) A survey of the Annamese Lowlands, Vietnam, and its implications for the conservation of Vietnamese and Imperial Pheasants Lophura hatinhensis and L. imperialis. Bird Conserv Int 4:343–382

    Google Scholar 

  • Eames JC, Eve R, Tordoff AW (2001a) The importance of Vu Quang Nature reserve for bird conservation in the context of the Annammese lowlands endemic bird area. Bird Conserv Int 11:247–285

    Google Scholar 

  • Eames JC, Kuznetsov AN, Monastyrskii AL, Nguyen TH, Nguyen QT, Ha QQ (2001b) A preliminary biological assessment of the Kon Plong forest complex, Kon Tum province Vietnam. WWF Indochina Programme, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Eames JC, Steinheimer FD, Ros B (2002) A collection of birds from the Cardamom mountains, Cambodia, including a new subspecies of Arborophila cambodiana. Forktail 18:67–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelbach P (1932) Les oiseaux du Laos méridional. L’Oiseau et RfO 2:439–498

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelbach P (1938) Note sur quelques oiseaux du Cambodge. L’Oiseau et RfO 8:384–394

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans TD (2001) Ornithological records from Savannakhet province, Lao PDR, January–July 1997. Forktail 17:21–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans TD, Clements T (2004) Current status and future monitoring of Green Peafowl in southern Mondulkiri. Cambodia Bird News 12:18–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans TD, Timmins RJ (1996) The status of Green Peafowl Pavo muticus in Laos. Forktail 11:11–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans TD, Timmins RJ (1997) Green Peafowl in Laos. Tragopan 6:9–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans TD, Timmins RJ (1998) Records of birds from Laos during January–July 1994. Forktail 13:69–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans TD, Towll HC, Timmins RJ, Thewlis RM, Stones AJ, Robichaud WG, Barzen J (2000) Ornithological records from the lowlands of Southern Laos during December 1995–September 1996, including areas on the Thai and Cambodian borders. Forktail 16:29–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Eve R (1996) Bird list of Bach Ma National Park. EC/WWF Bach Ma National Park Project, Hue

    Google Scholar 

  • Eve R (1997) The rediscovery of Edwards’s Pheasant. Annu Rev World Pheasant Assoc 1996/1997:40–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer W (1961) Kleine Beiträge zur Vogelkunde Vietnams. Beitr Vogelk 7:285–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer W (1974) Vorläufiger Abschlussbericht über Vogel-beobachtungen in Vietnam. Beitr Vogelk 20:249–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs J, Cibois A, Duckworth JW, Eve R, Robichaud WG, Tizard T, Van Gansberghe D (2007) Bird of Phongsaly province and the Nam Ou river (Laos). Forktail 23:22–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuller RA, Garson PJ (eds) (2000) Pheasants: status survey and conservation action plan 2000–2004. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK and the World Pheasant Association, Reading, UK

  • Fuller RA, Carroll JP, McGowan PJK (eds) (2000) Partridges, quails, francolins, snowcocks, guineafowl and turkeys: status survey and action plan 2000–2004. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK and the World Pheasant Association, Reading, UK

  • Fuller RA, McGowan PJK, Carroll JP, Dekker RWRJ, Garson PJ (2003) What does IUCN species action planning contribute to the conservation process? Biol Conserv 112:343–349

    Google Scholar 

  • Garson PJ (2001) Pheasant taxonomy: a cunning way to remove species from the Red List! O.B.C. Bull 33:52

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs JP, Droege S, Eagle P (1999) Monitoring populations of plants and animals. BioScience 48:935–940

    Google Scholar 

  • Goes F (2000a) Twelve new species for Cambodia. Cambodia Bird News 4:30–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Goes F (2000b) Recent sightings. Cambodia Bird News 6:44–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Goes F (2004) Recent sightings. Cambodia Bird News 12:47–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Goes F, Davidson P (2002) Recent sightings. Cambodia Bird News 9:47–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Goes F, Hong C, Davidson P (2001) Surveys for the Bengal Florican Houbaropis bengalensis and related conservation awareness activities. Wildlife Conservation Society Cambodia Program, Phnom Penh

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory RD, Wilkinson NI, Noble DG, Brown AF, Robinson JA, Hughes J, Procter DA, Gibbons DW, Galbraith CA (2002) The population status of birds in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands and Isle of Man: an analysis of conservation concern 2002–2007. Br Birds 95:410–448

    Google Scholar 

  • Grieser Johns A (ed) (2000) Pu Mat: biodiversity of a Vietnamese protected area. Social Forestry and Nature Conservation in Nghe An province, Vinh

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansel T (2004) Observations on subsistence hunting along the Phu Yai mountain range, Xanakham district, Vientiane province, Lao PDR. Nat Hist Bull Siam Soc 52:195–200

    Google Scholar 

  • Hennache A, Ottaviani M (2005) Monographie des Faisans, vol I. WPA-France, Cleres

    Google Scholar 

  • Hennache A, Rasmussen P, Lucchini V, Rimondi S, Randi E (2003) Hybrid origin of the imperial pheasant Lophura imperialis (Delacour and Jabouille, 1924) demonstrated by morphology, hybrid experiments, and DNA analyses. Biol J Linn Soc 80:573–600

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill M (2000) Bird fauna of two protected forests in northern Vietnam. Forktail 16:5–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill M, Eames JC, Le TT, Nguyen C (2001) Population sizes, status and habitat associations of forest birds in Chu Yang Sin Nature Reserve, Dak Lak province, Vietnam. Bird Conserv Int 11:49–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Inskipp T, Lindsey N, Duckworth W (1996) An annotated checklist of the birds of the Oriental region. Oriental Bird Club, Sandy, Beds, UK, 294 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • IUCN (2007) 2007 IUCN red list of threatened species. Available from IUCN http://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed 26 October 2007

  • Johnsgard PA (1986) The pheasants of the world. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnsgard PA (1988) The quails, partridges, and francolins of the world. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnsgard PA (1999) Pheasants of the world. Smithsonian Press, Washington DC, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalyakin MV, Korzun LP (1998) [“Ornithological observations in Fan Si Pan summit area, northern Vietnam, in winter 1996/97”.] In: Korzun LP, Kalyakin MV (eds) [“Materials of zoological and botanical studies in Fan Si Pan summit area (north Vietnam)”.] Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre, Moscow and Hanoi, pp 159–226 (in Russian)

  • Karanth KK, Curran LM, Reuning-Scherer JD (2006) Village size and forest disturbnce in Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India. Biol Conserv 128:147–157

    Google Scholar 

  • Keane A, de Brooke ML, McGowan PJK (2005) Correlates of extinction risk and hunting pressure in gamebirds (Galliformes). Biol Conserv 126:216–233

    Google Scholar 

  • King WB (1978–1979) Red data book 2: aves, 2nd edn. IUCN, Morges, Switzerland

  • Kuroda N (1917) A collection of birds from Tonkin. Annot Zool Jpn 9:217–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambert FR, Collar NJ (2002) The future for Sundaic lowland forest birds: long-term effects of commercial logging and fragmentation. Forktail 18:127–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurance WF, Lovejoy TE, Vasconcelos HL, Bruna EM, Didham RK, Stouffer PC, Gascon C, Bierregaard RO, Laurance SG, Sampaio E (2002) Ecosystem decay of Amazonian forest fragments: a 22-year investigation. Conserv Biol 16:605–618

    Google Scholar 

  • Le TT (1996) Historical and current distribution of Green Peafowl in Vietnam. Tragopan 7:16–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Le TT (2002) [Report on an ornithological survey of three forest enterprises (Hieu Liem, Ma Da and Vinh An) in Dong Nai province]. Unpublished report to the WWF Indochina Programme, Hanoi (in Vietnamese)

  • Le XC, Pham TA, Duckworth JW, Vu NT, Lic V (1997) A survey of large mammals in Dak Lak province, Vietnam. WWF/IUCN, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Le TT, Nguyen HD, Nguyen C, Le VC, Eames JC, Chicoine G (1999a) An investment plan for Ke Go Nature Reserves, Ha Tinh province, Vietnam: a contribution to the management plan. BirdLife International Vietnam Programme/Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Le TT, Richardson WJ, Bui DT, Le VC, Nguyen HD, Ha VH, Nguyen VS, Monastryrskii AL, Eames JC (1999b) A investment plan for Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, Kon Tum province: a contribution to the management plan. BirdLife International Vietnam Programme and the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Le TT, Richardson WJ, Le VC, Tran HM, Tran QN, Nguyen VS, Monastyrskii AL, Eames JC (1999c) A feasibility study for the establishment of Phong Dien (Thua Thien Hue province) and Dakrong (Quang Tri province) nature reserves, Vietnam. BirdLife International Vietnam Programme and the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Le TT, Le VC, Bui DT, Tran HM, Tran QN, Nguyen VS, Monastyrskii AL, Eames JC (1999d) A feasibility study for the establishment of Xuan Lien nature reserve (Thua Thien Hue province). BirdLife International Vietnam Programme, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Le TT, Le VC, Tran QN, Tran HM, Nguyen VS, Monastyrskii AL, Hayes BD, Eames JC (2000) An investment plan for Kon Ka Kinh nature reserve, Gia Lai province, Vietnam: a contribution to the management plan. BirdLife International Vietnam Programme/Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Le TT, Eames JC, Kuznetsov AN, Nguyen VS, Hayes BD, Nguyen TS, Bui XP, Monastyrskii AL (2001a) A biodiversity survey of the Dong Phuc, Ban Thi-Xuan Lac and Sinh Long areas, Tuyen Quang and Bac Kan provinces, Vietnam. PARC Project, Na Hang/Ba Be Component, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Le TT, Tran HM, Do T, Nguyen VS (2001b) Feasibility study for the establishment of Khe Net Nature Reserve, Quang Binh province, Vietnam. BirdLife International Vietnam Programme and the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute [In Vietnamese], Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Le MH, Pham DT, Tordoff AW, Nguyen DD (2002a) A rapid field survey of Le Thuy and Quang Ninh districts, Quang Binh province, Vietnam. Unpublished report to the Birdlife International Vietnam Programme and the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi

  • Le MH, Tran TD, Vu HT (2002b) A rapid field survey of Xin Man and Yen Minh districts, Ha Giang province, Vietnam. Unpublished report to the BirdLife International Vietnam Programme and the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi

  • Le MH, Dang NC, Tran LH, Ngo VH, Nguyen DT (2004a) Rapid biodiversity survey of northern Huong Hoa district, Quang Tri province, Vietnam. Unpublished report to BirdLife International in Indochina (in Vietnamese)

  • Le TT, Eames JC, Nguyen DT, Furey NM, Kouznetsov AN, Monastyrskii AL, Dang NC, Nguyen TS, Nguyen VS, Nguyen QT, Bui XP (2004b) Biodiversity report on the Ba Be/Na Hang conservation complex. Creating Protected Areas for Resource Conservation Using Landscape Ecology (PARC) Project VIE/95/G31and031, Government of Vietnam (FPD)/UNOPS/UNDP/Scott Wilson Asia-Pacific Ltd., Hanoi

  • Le MH, Nguyen MH, Tran TD, Tran DA, Vuong DL, Vu TP (2006) The status and distribution of Orange-necked Partridge Arborophila davidi in Binh Phuoc province, Vietnam. Unpublished report to the BP Conservation Programme

  • Long B, Swan SR, Kry M (2000) Biological surveys in northeast Mondolkiri, Cambodia. Fauna and Flora International–Indochina Programme and the Wildlife Protection Office, Hanoi and Phnom Penh

  • Mamat IH, Yasak MN (1998) The status and current distribution of the Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellata nigrescens in peninsular Malaysia. Bird Conserv Int 8:325–330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGowan PJK (1994) Family Phasianidae (Pheasants and partridges). In: del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds) Handbook of the birds of the world, vol 2. Lynx Editions, Barcelona, pp 434–552

    Google Scholar 

  • McGowan P (2002) The conservation implications of the hunting of Galliformes and the collection of their eggs. In: Mainka SA, Trivedi M (eds) Links between biodiversity conservation, livelihood and food security: the sustainable use of wild species for meat. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, pp 85–93

    Google Scholar 

  • McGowan PJK, Garson PJ (1995) Pheasants: status survey and conservation action plan 1995–1999. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • McGowan PJK, Gillman M (1997) Assessment of the conservation status of partridges and pheasants in South East Asia. Biodivers Conserv 6:1321–1337

    Google Scholar 

  • McGowan PJK, Panchen AL (1994) Plumage variation and geographical distribution in the Kalij and Silver Pheasants. Bull Brit Orn Club 114:113–123

    Google Scholar 

  • McGowan PJK, Dowell SD, Carroll JP, Aebischer NJA (1995) Partridges, quails, francolins, snowcocks and guineafowl. Status survey and conservation action plan. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • McGowan PJK, Duckworth JW, Xianji W, Van Balen B, Xiaojun Y, Khan MKM, Yatim SH, Thanga L, Setiawan I, Kaul R (1998) A review of the status of the Green Peafowl Pavo muticus and recommendations for future action. Bird Conserv Int 9:331–348

    Google Scholar 

  • Milon P (1942) Liste des oiseaux observés dans la région de Lang-son (avec quelques notes éthologiques). Notes et travaux de l’Ecole supérieure des sciences de l’Université Indochinoise. Hanoi 1:1–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Morony JJ Jr, Bock WJ, Farrand J Jr (1975) Reference list of the birds of the world. American Museum of Natural History, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Moulin S (2004) Molecular investigations on the Silver pheasant and the Kalij pheasant. Tragopan 20/21:40–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Moulin S, Randi E, Tabarroni C, Hennache A (2004) Mitochondrial DNA diversification among the subspecies of the Silver and Kalij pheasants, Lophura nycthemera and L. leucomelanos, Phasianidae. Ibis 145:160

    Google Scholar 

  • Mundkur T, Carr P, Sun H, Chhim S (1995) Survey for large waterbirds in Cambodia March–April (1994) IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK

  • Net N (ed) (2001) A wildlife survey of Bokor National Park, Cambodia. Wildlife Conservation Society – Cambodia Programme, Phnom Penh

  • Nguyen XD, Osborn T (eds) (2004a) A biodiversity and socio-economic assessment of Bao Lam State Forest Enterprise, Lam Dong province, Vietnam. Cat Tien National Park Conservation Project, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen XD, Osborn T (eds) (2004b) A biodiversity and socio-economic assessment of Loc Bac State Forest Enterprise, Lam Dong province, Vietnam. Cat Tien National Park Conservation Project, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen XD, Osborn T (eds) (2004c) A biodiversity and socio-economic assessment of Nghia Trung State Forest Enterprise, Binh Phuoc province, Vietnam. Cat Tien National Park Conservation Project, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen DT, Le TT, Le VC (2000) A rapid field survey of Muong Nhe Nature Reserve, Lai Chau province, Vietnam. BirdLife International Vietnam Programme and the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen TV, Nguyen HH, Le VT, Tran DH, Nguyen VS (2001) Pheasant survey in Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam 2001. WWF Cat Tien National Park Conservation Project, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen XD, Do HT, Osborn T (eds) (2004a) A biodiversity and socio-economic assessment of Da Teh State Forest Enterprise, Lam Dong province, Vietnam. Cat Tien National Park Conservation Project, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen XD, Nguyen HT, Osborn T (eds) (2004b) A biodiversity and socio-economic assessment of La Nga State Forest Enterprise, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. Cat Tien National Park Conservation Project, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Okuyama M (2004) Current status of Japanese Quail Coturnix japonica as a game bird. J Yamashina Inst Ornithol 35:189–202

    Google Scholar 

  • Oustalet E (1898) Catalogue des oiseaux recueillis par M. le Comte de Barthélemy dans le cours de son dernier voyage en Indo-Chine. Bull Mus Hist Nat Paris 4:11–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Oustalet E (1899–1903) Les oiseaux du Cambodge, du Laos, de l’Annam et du Tonkin. Nouv. Arch Mus Hist Nat Paris 1(4):221–296; 5(4):1–94

  • Pattanavibool A, Dearden P (2002) Fragmentation and wildlife in montane evergreen forests in northern Thailand. Biol Conserv 107:155–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson AT, Brisbin IR (1998) Genetic endangerment of wild Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus? Bird Conserv Int 8:387–394

    Google Scholar 

  • Poole CM (1999a) Little known oriental bird – chestnut-headed partridge Arborophila cambodiana. Bull Oriental Bird Club 30:46–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Poole CM (1999b) Germain’s Peacock-pheasant and Cambodian laughingthrush: 2 new species for Cambodia. Cambodia Bird News 3:36–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Poulsen MK, Luanglath K (2005) Projects come, projects go: lessons from participatory monitoring in southern Laos. Biodivers Conserv 14:2591–2610

    Google Scholar 

  • Robichaud W, Marsh CW, Southammakoth S, Khounthikoumanne S (2001) Review of the national protected area system in Lao PDR. Upublished report to Lao-Swedish Forestry Programme, Vientiane

  • Robinson HC, Kloss CB (1919) On birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Ibis 1(11):392–453, 565–625

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson HC, Kloss CB (1931) Some birds from Siam and Laos (Middle Mekong). Ibis 1(13):319–341

    Google Scholar 

  • Robson CR (2000) A field guide to the birds of South-East Asia. New Holland, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Robson CR, Eames JC, Wolstencroft JA, Nguyen C, Truong VL (1989) Recent records of birds from Vietnam. Forktail 5:71–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Robson CR, Eames JC, Nguyen C, Truong VL (1993a) Further records of birds from Vietnam. Forktail 8:25–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Robson CR, Eames JC, Nguyen C, Truong VL (1993b) Birds recorded during the third BirdLife/Forest Birds Working Group expedition in Vietnam. Forktail 9:89–119

    Google Scholar 

  • Round PD (1998) Wildlife, habitats and priorities for conservation in Dong Khanthung proposed National Biodiversity Conservation Area, Champasak province, Lao PDR. WCS/CPAWM, Vientiane

  • Round PD (1999) Avifaunal surveys of the Pu Mat Nature Reserve, Nghe An province, Vietnam 1998–1999. Social Forestry and Nature Conservation in Nghe An Province, Vinh

  • Round PD, Gardner D (2008) Birds of the Bangkok area. White Lotus, Bangkok

    Google Scholar 

  • Round PD, Gale G, Marshall MR, Pomara L (2002) An expedition to the summit of Khao Soi Dao Tai, Southeast Thailand. Orient Bird Club Bull 35:49–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Seng KH, Pech B, Poole CM, Tordoff AW, Davidson P, Delattre E (2003) Directory of important bird areas in Cambodia: key sites for conservation. Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Department of Nature Conservation and Protection, BirdLife International in Indochina and the Wildlife Conservation Society Cambodia Program, Phnom Penh

    Google Scholar 

  • Showler D, Davidson P, Salivong K, Khounboline K (1998a) A wildlife and habitat survey of Nam Xam national biodiversity conservation area, Houaphanh province, Lao PDR. Centre for Protected Areas and Watershed Management/Wildlife Conservation Society, Vientiane

    Google Scholar 

  • Showler D, Davidson P, Vongkhamheng C, Salivong K (1998b) A wildlife and habitat survey of the southern border of Xe Sap national biodiversity conservation area and the Dakchung Plateau, Xe Kong province, Lao PDR. Centre for Protected Areas and Watershed Management/Wildlife Conservation Society, Vientiane

    Google Scholar 

  • Sibley CG, Monroe BL Jr (1990) Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world. Yale University Press, New Haven

    Google Scholar 

  • Srikosamatara S, Siripholdej B, Suteethorn V (1992) Wildlife trade in Lao P.D.R. and between Lao P.D.R. and Thailand. Nat Hist Bull Siam Soc 40:1–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinmetz R, Stones T, Chan-ard T (1999) An ecological survey of habitats, wildlife, and people in Xe Sap national biodiversity conservation area, Saravan province, Lao PDR. Final report. WWF–Thailand Programme Office, Patumthani, Thailand

  • Stibig H-J, Beuchle R (2003) Forest cover map of Continental Southeast Asia at 1:4,000,000 derived from SPOT4-VEGETATION satellite images. Publications of the European Communities, EUR 20856 EN, Luxembourg

    Google Scholar 

  • Swan SR, O’Reilly SMG (eds) (2004a) Mu Cang Chai species/habitat conservation area. Fauna and Flora International Vietnam Programme, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Swan SR, O’Reilly SMG (eds) (2004b) Van Ban: a priority site for conservation in the Hoang Lien Mountains. Fauna and Flora International Vietnam Programme, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan S, Pech B (2001a) Recent information on the status and conservation of galliformes in Cambodia. In: Woodburn M, McGowan P, Carroll J, Musavi A, Zhang ZW (eds) Galliformes 2000: proceedings of the 2nd international galliformes symposium. World Pheasant Association, Reading, pp 39–44

  • Tan S, Pech B (2001b) The status and distribution of Green Peafowl Pavo muticus in southern Mondulkiri province, Cambodia. Tragopan 16:20

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan S, Goes F, Davidson P (2000) Cambodia: the last chance for the Green Peafowl. Cambodia Bird News 6:2–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Thewlis RM, Duckworth JW, Anderson GQA, Dvorak M, Evans TD, Nemeth E, Timmins RJ, Wilkinson RJ (1996) Ornithological records from Laos 1992–1993. Forktail 11:47–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Thewlis RM, Timmins RJ, Evans TD, Duckworth JW (1998) The conservation status of birds in Laos: a review of key species. Bird Conserv Int 8(suppl.):1–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas WW, Poole CM (2003) An annotated list of the birds of Cambodia from 1859 to 1970. Forktail 19:103–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Timmins RJ (ed) (1997) Notes on wildlife and habitats in Khammouan Limestone national biodiversity conservation area, Khammouan province, Lao P.D.R. Wildlife Conservation Society, Vientiane

    Google Scholar 

  • Timmins RJ (2002) Notes on the Central Annamites landscape based on 15 days of satellite ground truthing fieldwork (12–26 April 2002). Center for Biodiversity and Conservation at the American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Timmins RJ, Men S (1998) A wildlife survey of river basins in northeastern Cambodia. Fauna and Flora International and Wildlife Protection Office, Hanoi and Phnom Penh

    Google Scholar 

  • Timmins RJ, Ou R (2001) The importance of Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary and adjacent areas for the conservation of tigers and other key species. WWF, Phonm Penh

    Google Scholar 

  • Timmins RJ, Trinh VC (2001) An assessment of the conservation importance of the Huong Son (Annamite) forest, Ha Tinh province, Vietnam, based on the results of a field survey for large mammals and birds. Center for Biodiversity and Conservation at the American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA

  • Timmins RJ, Do T, Trinh VC, Hendrichsen DK (1999) A preliminary assessment of the conservation importance and conservation priorities of the Phong Nha-Ke Bang proposed national park, Quang Binh province, Vietnam. Fauna and Flora International Indochina Programme, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Tirant G (1879) Les oiseaux de la Basse Cochin-Chine. Bull Com Agric Ind Cochin-Chine 1(3):73–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Tizard RJ, Davidson P, Khounboline K, Salivong K (1997) A wildlife and habitat survey of Nam Ha and Nam Kong protected areas, Luang Namtha province, Lao P.D.R. Centre for Protected Areas and Watershed Management/Wildlife Conservaiton Society, Vientianne

    Google Scholar 

  • Tordoff AW (ed) (2002) Directory of important bird areas in Vietnam: key sites for conservation. BirdLife International in Indochina and Institute for Ecological and Biological Research, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Tordoff AW, Swan SR, Grindley M, Siurua H (1999) Hoang Lien nature reserve: biodiversity survey and conservation evaluation 1997/1998. Society for Environmental Exploration, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Tordoff AW, Tran HM, Tran QN (2000a) A feasibility study for the establishment of Ngoc Linh nature reserve, Quang Nam province, Vietnam. BirdLife International Vietnam Programme and Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Tordoff A, Fanning E, Grindley M (2000b) Ben En National Park. Frontier-Vietnam forest research programme report no. 14. Society for Environmental Exploration, London

  • Tordoff AW, Vu VD, Le VC, Tran QN, Dang TL (2000c) A rapid field survey of five sites in Bac Kan, Cao Bang and Quang Ninh provinces, Vietnam. A review of the Northern Indochina Subtropical Forest Ecoregion. BirdLife International Vietnam Programme, Hanoi

  • Tordoff AW, Le TD, Hardcastle J (2001) A rapid biodiversity survey of Che Tao commune, Mu Cang Chai district, Yen Bai province, Vietnam. Unpublished report to the BirdLife International Vietnam Programme and the Fauna and Flora International Indochina Programme, Hanoi

  • Tordoff AW, Le MH, Nguyen QT, Swan SR (2002a) A rapid field survey of Van Ban district, Lao Cai province, Vietnam. Unpublished report to the BirdLife International Vietnam Programme and the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi

  • Tordoff AW, Pham TA, Le MH, Nguyen DX, Tran KP (2002b) A rapid bird and mammal survey of Lo Go Sa Mat special use forest and Chang Riec protection forest, Tay Ninh province, Vietnam. Unpublished report to BirdLife International Vietnam Programme and Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi

  • Tordoff AW, Tran QB, Nguyen DT, Le MH (eds) (2004) Sourcebook of existing and proposed protected areas in Vietnam, 2nd edn. BirdLife International in Indochina and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi

    Google Scholar 

  • Tordoff AW, Tran VH, Nguyen XL, Do VT, Le AH (2005) Initial prioritisation of forests for conservation, protection and production purposes: an input to the formulation of the national forest strategy. Unpublished report to the Forest Sector Support Programme Coordination Office, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi

  • Tran T, Safford RJ, Tran DP, Duong VN, Maltby E (2000) Wetland biodiversity overlooked and threatened in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam: grassland ecosystems in the Ha Tien Plain. Trop Biodivers 7:1–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Tran HM, Le TT, Le VC, Hguyen VS (2001a) A feasibility study for the establishment of Chu Prong nature reserve, Gia Lai province, Vietnam. BirdLife International Vietnam Programme and Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Hanoi [in Vietnamese]

  • Tran QN, Tordoff AW, Hughes R, Vu VC, Le VP (2001b) A feasibility study for the establishment of A Yun Pa nature reserve, Gia Lai province, Vietnam. BirdLife International Vietnam Programme and Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Hanoi [in Vietnamese]

  • Tungittiplakorn W, Dearden P (2002) Hunting and wildlife use in some Hmong communities in northern Thailand. Nat Hist Bull Siam Soc 50:57–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner IM, Corlett TT (1996) The conservation value of small, isolated fragments of lowland tropical rain forest. Trends Ecol Evol 11:330–333

    Google Scholar 

  • van Dijk PP, Stuart BL, Rhodin AGJ (eds) (2000) Asian turtle trade: proceedings of a workshop on conservation and trade of freshwater turtles and tortoises in Asia. Chelonian Research Foundation (Monograph 2), Lunenburg, Massachusetts, USA

  • Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre (1999) Results of the complex zoological-botanical expedition to the Ke Bang area. Unpublished report to the Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre, Hanoi

  • Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre (2002) Results of the complex zoological-botanical expedition in Cat Loc. WWF Cat Tien National Park Conservation Project, WWF Hanoi

  • Vo Q (1975) Birds of Vietnam. Hanoi [in Vietnamese]

  • Walston JL, Vinton MD (eds) (1999) A wildlife and habitat survey of Hin Namno national biodiversity conservation area and adjacent areas, Khammouane province, Lao PDR. WWF Lao Project Office and Wildlife Conservation Society Lao Program, Vientiane

    Google Scholar 

  • Walston J, Davidson P, Men S (2001) A wildlife survey of southern Mondulkiri province, Cambodia. Wildlife Conservation Society Cambodia Program, Phnom Penh

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells DR (1985) The forest avifauna of western Malesia and its conservation. In: Diamond AW, Lovejoy TE (eds) Conservation of tropical forest birds. International council for bird preservation (Tech. Publ. 4), Cambridge, UK, pp 213–232

  • Williams MD, Carey GJ, Duff DG, Xu W (1992) Autumn bird migration at Beidaihe, China, 1986–(1990). Forktail 7:3–55

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We gladly acknowledge the assistance of Chanthaviphone Inthavong, Venevongphet, Peter Davidson, Tom Evans, Michael Poulsen, Bill Robichaud, Richard Salter, Richard Thewlis, Rob Tizard, James Wolstencroft, Khamkhoune Khounboline, Chainoi Sisomphone, Boonhom Sounthala, Chanthavi Vongkhamheng, Tom Clements, Jack Hurd, Seng Teak, Tan Setha, Seng Kim Hout, Ou Ratanak, Men Soriyun, Hong Chamnan, Fred Goes, Pech Bunnat, Prum Sovanna, David Ashwell, Hunter Weiler, Andy Maxwell and Huy Keavuth Mike Baltzer, Jonathan Eames, Do Tuoc, Ha Quy Quynh, Le Manh Hung, Le Trong Trai, Barney Long, Mai Ky Vinh, Nguyen Cu, Nguyen Duc Tu, Nguyen Xuan Dang, Trinh Viet Cuong, Joe Walston and Tim Inskipp. We also thank two reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Andrew W. Tordoff

    Present address: BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court, Girton Road, Cambridge, CB3 0NA, UK

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wildlife Conservation Society – Indonesia Program, Jalan Burangrang No. 18, Bogor, 16151, Indonesia

    Nick W. Brickle

  2. East Redham Farm, Pilning, Bristol, BS35 4JG, UK

    J. W. Duckworth

  3. BirdLife International in Indochina, 4 Lane 209, Doi Can, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Andrew W. Tordoff

  4. Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY, 10522, USA

    Colin M. Poole

  5. 2313 Willard Avenue, Madison, WI, 53704, USA

    Robert Timmins

  6. World Pheasant Association, 7-9 Shaftesbury Street, Fordingbridge, Hampshire, SP6 1JF, UK

    Philip J. K. McGowan

Authors
  1. Nick W. Brickle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. W. Duckworth
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Andrew W. Tordoff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Colin M. Poole
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Robert Timmins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Philip J. K. McGowan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nick W. Brickle.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Brickle, N.W., Duckworth, J.W., Tordoff, A.W. et al. The status and conservation of Galliformes in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Biodivers Conserv 17, 1393–1427 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9346-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9346-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation