Abstract
Two dozens of different mass galaxies observed at distances less than 10 Mpc from the Local Group are organized in the elongated structure known as the Sculptor Filament. We use recent Hubble Space Telescope data on local galaxies to study the dynamical structure and evolutionary trends of the filament. An N-body computer model, which reproduces its observed kinematics, is constructed under the assumption that the filament is embedded in the universal dark energy background. In the model, the motions of the filament members are controlled by their mutual gravity attraction force and the anti-gravity repulsion force produced by the local dark energy. It is found that the dark energy repulsion dominates the force field of the outer parts of the filament. Because of this, the filament expands and its expansion proceeds with acceleration. The dark energy domination increases with cosmic time and introduces to the filament the linear velocity–distance relation with the universal time-rate (“the Hubble constant”) that depends asymptotically on the dark energy density only.
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Notes
The Gaia end-of-mission proper motions will be able to significantly detect the mass distribution of large-scale structure on length scales \(<25\) Mpc which in turn will help us to determine the transverse peculiar velocities of galaxies and to improve our model in further studies (Truebenbach and Darling 2018, see also Shaya et al. 2017).
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to N. V. Emelyanov, Yu. N. Efremov, G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan, and A. V. Zasov for helpful discussions. M.V.P. acknowledges support from Russian Science Foundation grant 18-72-00159 for the Hubble diagram analysis and Lomonosov Moscow State University Program of Development “Leading Science Schools of MSU: Physics of Stars, Relativistic Compact Objects and Galaxies” for the \(\Lambda \)N-body simulations.
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Pruzhinskaya, M.V., Chernin, A.D. & Karachentsev, I.D. Local dark energy in the Sculptor Filament of galaxies. Astrophys Space Sci 365, 120 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-020-03840-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-020-03840-3