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Effects of tank color on the growth, stress responses, and skin color of snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis)

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Abstract

The effects of tank color on the growth, stress responses, and skin color of snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) were investigated in this study. Fish with initial body weights of 5.03±0.00 g were reared in five experimental tank colors (white, red, green, blue, and black) for 8 weeks. Each tank color was tested in triplicate with an initial stocking density of 15 fish per tank. Fish were fed with commercial sinking pellets at 4% of the average body weight per day. Growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, stress indicators (hematocrit, blood glucose, plasma cortisol levels), and skin color parameters were investigated. The fish reared in blue tanks had a significantly higher average final body weight (9.73 ± 0.14 g) and significantly lower average feed conversion ratio (3.42 ± 0.12) than the fish reared in black tanks (P < 0.05). The fish reared in black tanks exhibited higher average hematocrit (36.63 ± 1.11%), blood glucose (48.33 ± 1.45 mg dL−1), and plasma cortisol (9.00 ± 0.56 μg dL−1) levels than those reared in the other tank colors. However, the blood glucose levels in only the fish reared in black tanks were significantly higher than those in the fish reared in the other tank colors. The fish skin color ranged from very pale (high skin lightness) in the white tanks to very dark (low skin lightness) in the black tanks, and 80% of the variation in skin lightness were explained by the tank lightness. The use of a blue tank resulted in normal skin color; hence, blue tanks will not affect the customer acceptance of the fish. Our study revealed that blue is the most appropriate tank color for culturing snakeskin gourami.

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Abbreviations

α-MSH :

Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone

a * :

Redness or greenness

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

b * :

Yellowness or blueness

C * :

Chroma

CIE:

International Commission on Illumination

FBW:

Final body weight

FCR:

Feed conversion ratio

FI:

Feed intake

H°:

Hue angle

IBW:

Initial body weight

L * :

Lightness

MCH:

Melanin-concentrating hormone

SGR:

Specific growth rate

SR:

Survival rate

WG:

Weight gain

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the Prince of Songkla University, contract no. SIT580899S. The authors would like to thank Jamjuree Masawas, Prangthip Thongkhaw, Sirinan Nunsuwan, Sarayut Onsanit, and Seppo Karrila for their contributions to this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Surat Thani, 84100, Thailand

    Parichart Ninwichian, Nirandon Phuwan & Kesara Jakpim

  2. Nofima AS, Osloveien 1, P.O. Box 210, NO-1431, Ås, Norway

    Panya Sae-Lim

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  1. Parichart Ninwichian
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  2. Nirandon Phuwan
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  3. Kesara Jakpim
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  4. Panya Sae-Lim
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Correspondence to Parichart Ninwichian.

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Ninwichian, P., Phuwan, N., Jakpim, K. et al. Effects of tank color on the growth, stress responses, and skin color of snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis). Aquacult Int 26, 659–672 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-018-0242-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-018-0242-6

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