Abstract
A pregrowing trial was carried out using nursery-stage cupped oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in order to evaluate weight, length, mortality, and final costs of spat grown in long-line aquaculture at different sampling times (t1–t5) over 81 days. Spat were reared at two stocking densities in polyvinyl chloride cylinders (10 cm diameter, 24 cm length) placed within lanterns composed of five levels (60 cm diameter, 11 cm height). Each lantern level hosted two cylinders. Lanterns were hung 6 m below the surface of the water in the Middle Adriatic Sea. A total of 53,100 spat (weight 0.033 g, length 5 mm) were divided into seven cylinders at either high density (H; 5055 oysters/cylinder, 167.3 g/cylinder) or low density (L; 2530 oysters/cylinder, 83.7 g/cylinder). On the basis of the ANOVA analysis, spat were significantly heavier (0.352 vs. 0.227 g; P < 0.001) and longer (12.22 vs. 10.47 mm; P < 0.001) in the L group compared to the H group. Considering the time factor, oysters were significantly heavier (0.941 g; P < 0.001) and longer (21.30 mm; P < 0.001) at t5 than at any previous sampling time (t1–t4). A higher rate of mortality was initially observed in the L group (6.7% at t1); however, mortality in the H group was higher at later sampling dates, reaching the highest level at t4 (32.4%). Spat grew better at the low stocking density, demonstrating that a higher stocking density is not suitable.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- OsHV-1:
-
ostreid herpesvirus 1
- PVC:
-
polyvinyl chloride
References
Arcangeli G (2012) Focolai in Italia da OsHv-01 microvar: problema o opportunità? In: Proceedings of the 1st SIRAM Congress, University of Teramo, 10 November 2012
Bédier E (2010) Observatoire National Conchylicole. Rapport 2009. Ifremer, La Trinité
Chessa G, Serra S, Saba S, Manca S, Chessa F, Trentadue M, Fois N (2013) The floating upwelling system (FLUPSY) for breeding of Venerupis decussata (Linnaeus, 1758) juveniles in a coastal lagoon in Sardinia (Italy). Transit Waters Bull 7:53–61
Cochennec-Laureau N, Baud JP, Pépin JF, Benabdelmouna A, Soletchnik P, Lupo C, Garcia C, Arzul I, Boudry P, Huvet A, Pernet F, Bachere E, Bedier E, Petton B, Gaussem F, Stanisière JY, Dégremont L (2011) Les surmortalités des naissains d’huîtres creuses, Crassostrea gigas,: acquis des recherches en 2010. Ifremer Rapport RST/LER/MPL/11.07
Domeneghetti S, Varotto L, Civettini M, Rosani U, Stauder M, Pretto T, Pezzati E, Arcangeli G, Turolla E, Pallavicini A, Venier P (2014) Mortality occurrence and pathogen detection in Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus galloprovincialis close-growing in shallow waters (Goro lagoon, Italy). Fish Shellfish Immunol 41:37–44
Dundon WG, Arzul I, Omnes E, Robert M, Magnabosco C, Zambon M, Gennari L, Toffan A, Terregino C, Capua I, Arcangeli G (2011) Detection of type 1 ostreid herpes variant (OsHV-1 μvar) with no associated mortality in French-origin Pacific cupped oyster Crassostrea gigas farmed in Italy. Aquaculture 314:49–52
FAO (2016) FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme, Crassostrea gigas. http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Crassostrea_gigas/en
Flores-Vergara C, Cordero-Esquivel B, Cerón-Ortiz AN, Arredondo-Vega BO (2004) Combined effects of temperature and diet on growth and biochemical composition of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) spat. Aquac Res 35:1131–1140
Mgaya YD, Mercer JP (1995) The effects of size grading and stocking density on growth performance of juvenile abalone, Haliotis tuberculata Linnaeus. Aquaculture 136:297–312
Qu Y, Li X, Yu Y, Vandepeer M, Babidge P, Clarke S, Bott K, Li H (2009) The effect of different grading equipment on stress levels assessed by catecholamine measurements in Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg). Aquac Eng 40:11–16
Roncarati A, Felici A, Dees A, Forlini L, Melotti P (2010) Trials on Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg) rearing in the middle Adriatic Sea by means of different trays. Aquacult Int 18:35–43
Roncarati A, Gennari L, Felici A, Melotti P (2012a) Development of the oyster farming in the middle Adriatic sea. Aquaculture Eur 37:26–32
Roncarati A, Gennari L, Felici A, Melotti P (2012b) Sviluppo dell’ostricoltura nel medio Adriatico. In: Proceedings of the 1st SIRAM congress, University of Teramo, 10 November 2012
Roncarati A, Gennari L, Felici A, Melotti P (2012c) Trials of rearing of oysters (Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis) in the central Adriatic sea. In: Proceedings of the world congress of aquaculture, AQUA 2012, Global Aquaculture: securing our future. Prague, 1–5 September 2012
SAS Institute (1988) SAS®/STAT guide for personal computers. Version 6.03 edition. SAS Institute Inc., Cary
Segarra A, Pépin JF, Arzul I, Morga B, Faury N, Renault T (2010) Detection and description of a particular ostreid herpesvirus 1 genotype associated with massive mortality outbreaks of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, in France in 2008. Virus Res 153:92–99
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the FAR UNICAM 2014-2015, Project “Improvement of quality traits of oysters (Crassostrea gigas, Ostrea edulis), reared in long-line plants and stored in closed circuit system (OYSTAR)”. The authors are grateful to the BIVI bivalve farm for the precious technical assistance provided during the trial.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Roncarati, A., Felici, A., Magi, G.E. et al. Growth and survival of cupped oysters (Crassostrea gigas) during nursery and pregrowing stages in open sea facilities using different stocking densities. Aquacult Int 25, 1777–1785 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-017-0152-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-017-0152-z