Abstract
Chain graphs (CGs) containing both directed and undirected edges, offer an elegant generalisation of both Markov networks and Bayesian networks. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for local structure learning of CGs. It works by first learning adjacent nodes of each variable for skeleton identification and then orienting the edges of the complexes of the graph. To control the false discovery rate (FDR) of edges when learning a CG, FDR controlling procedure is embedded in the algorithm. Algorithms for skeleton identification and complexes recovery are presented. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm with the FDR controlling procedure can control the false discovery rate of the skeleton of the recovered graph under a user-specified level, and the proposed algorithm is also a viable alternative to learn the structure of chain graphs.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andersson SA, Madigan D, Perlman MD (1996) An alternative Markov property for chain graphs. In: Proceedings of the twelfth international conference on uncertainty in artificial intelligence, pp 40–48
Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y (1995) Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Stat Soc Ser B (Methodol) 57(1):289–300
Benjamini Y, Yekutieli D (2001) The control of the false discovery rate in multiple testing under dependency. Ann Stat 29(4):1165–1188
Bockhorst J, Craven M (2004) Markov networks for detecting overlapping elements in sequence data. In: Proceedings of the 17th international conference on neural information processing systems, pp 193–200
Cai B, Liu Y, Fan Q, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Shilin Y, Ji R (2014) Multi-source information fusion based fault diagnosis of ground-source heat pump using Bayesian network. Appl Energy 114:1–9
Cai B, Liu Y, Fan Q, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Yu S, Ji R (2016) A multiphase dynamic Bayesian networks methodology for the determination of safety integrity levels. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 150:105–115
Cowell RG, Philip Dawid A, Lauritzen SL, Spiegelhalter DJ (2001) Probabilistic networks and expert systems. Publ Am Stat Assoc 43(1):108–109
Cox DR, Wermuth N (1993) Linear dependencies represented by chain graphs. Stat Sci 8(3):204–218
Cox DR, Wermuth N (1996) Multivariate dependencies: models, analysis and interpretation. Chapman and Hall, London
Flammini F, Marrone S, Mazzocca N, Nardone R, Vittorini V (2015) Using Bayesian networks to evaluate the trustworthiness of 2 out of 3 decision fusion mechanisms in multi-sensor applications. IFAC Papersonline 48(21):682–687
Frydenberg M (1990) The chain graph Markov property. Scand J Stat 17(4):333–353
Guo X, Zhang J, Cai Z, Du DZ, Pan Y (2015) DAM: a Bayesian method for detecting genome-wide associations on multiple diseases. Springer, Berlin
Jayech K, Mahjoub MA (2011) Clustering and Bayesian network for image of faces classification. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl 1(1):35–44
Lauritzen SL, Wermuth N (1989) Graphical models for associations between variables, some of which are qualitative and some quantitative. Ann Stat 17(1):31–57
Listgarten J, Heckerman D (2007) Determining the number of non-spurious arcs in a learned DAG model: investigation of a Bayesian and a frequentist approach. In: Proceedings of the conference on uncertainty in artificial intelligence, pp 251–258
Ma Z, Xie X, Geng Z (2008) Structural learning of chain graphs via decomposition. J Mach Learn Res 9(9):2847–2880
Margaritis D, Thrun S (1999) Bayesian network induction via local neighborhoods. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 12:505–511
Nielsen JD (2002) On local optima in learning Bayesian networks. In: Proceedings of the nineteenth conference on uncertainty in artificial intelligence, pp 435–442
Peña JM (2009) Faithfulness in chain graphs: the discrete case. Int J Approx Reason 50(8):1306–1313
Peña JM (2011) Faithfulness in chain graphs: the Gaussian case. In: Proceedings of the 14th international conference on artificial intelligence and statistics, pp 588–599
Peña JM, Nilsson R, Björkegren J, Tegnér J (2007) Towards scalable and data efficient learning of Markov boundaries. Int J Approx Reason 45(2):211–232
Peña JM, Sonntag D, Nielsen J (2014) An inclusion optimal algorithm for chain graph structure learning. In: Proceedings of the 17th international conference on artificial intelligence and statistics, pp 778–786
Salama KM, Freitas AA (2013) ACO-based Bayesian network ensembles for the hierarchical classification of ageing-related proteins. In: Proceedings of the European conference on evolutionary computation, machine learning and data mining in bioinformatics, pp 80–91
Sonntag D, Peña JM (2015) Chain graph interpretations and their relations revisited. Int J Approx Reason 58:39–56
Sonntag D, Järvisalo M, Peña JM, Hyttinen A (2015a) Learning optimal chain graphs with answer set programming. In: Proceedings of the conference on uncertainty in artificial intelligence, pp 822–831
Sonntag D, Peña JM, Gómez-Olmedo M (2015b) Approximate counting of graphical models via MCMC revisited. Int J Intell Syst 30(3):384–420
Studenỳ M (1997) A recovery algorithm for chain graphs. Int J Approx Reason 17(2–3):265–293
Triebel R, Kersting K, Burgard W (2006) Robust 3d scan point classification using associative Markov networks. In: IEEE international conference on robotics and automation, ICRA 2006, pp 2603–2608
Tsamardinos I, Aliferis CF, Statnikov A (2003a) Time and sample efficient discovery of Markov blankets and direct causal relations. In: Proceedings of the international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining, pp 673–678
Tsamardinos I, Aliferis CF, Statnikov AR (2003b) Algorithms for large scale Markov blanket discovery. In: Proceedings of the international flairs conference, pp 376–380
Weber P, Medina-Oliva G, Simon C, Iung B (2012) Overview on Bayesian networks applications for dependability, risk analysis and maintenance areas. Eng Appl Artif Intell 25(4):671–682
Zhang L, Ji Q (2011) A Bayesian network model for automatic and interactive image segmentation. IEEE Trans Image Process 20(9):2582–2593
Zhang L, Zeng Z, Ji Q (2011) Probabilistic image modeling with an extended chain graph for human activity recognition and image segmentation. IEEE Trans Image Process 20(9):2401–2413
Zuo J, Wang M, Wan J, Genxiu W, Shuixiu W (2005) Modified information retrieval model based on Markov network. J Tsinghua Univ 345(3):307–314
Acknowledgements
The research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61373174) and (Grant No. 11401454).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, J., Liu, S. & Zhu, M. Local structure learning of chain graphs with the false discovery rate control. Artif Intell Rev 52, 293–321 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-018-9669-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-018-9669-4