Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Saturation loadings on 13X (Faujasite) zeolite above and below the critical conditions. Part IV: inorganic multi-atomic species, halocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons data evaluation and modeling

  • Published:
Adsorption Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The saturation loadings for subcritical adsorption of multi-atomic inorganic species, halocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons on 13X zeolite are modeled using the modified Rackett model of Spencer and Danner (J. Chem. Eng. Data 17(2):236–240, 1972) for the saturated liquid densities combined with crystallographic data for the 13X zeolite. A similar equation is used for supercritical adsorption involving supercritical adsorbate densities and crystallographic data for the 13X zeolite employing a different f(Tr) expression than used by Spencer and Danner. Adsorption data from the literature are first critically evaluated and then compared to the model. Log–log plots are used to determine whether each isotherm is near saturation; isotherms that exhibit a \(\left( {\partial \ln q} \right)/\left( {\partial \ln p} \right)\) slope of zero at the maximum pressure point are assumed to be saturated (capillary condensation points are deleted). The highest loading is used from each isotherm that approaches saturation. Unsaturated isotherms are not considered further. The theoretical equation satisfactorily models the available experimental data for the data that is subcritical except for water and methanol. However, steric factors are required in the model for tetrafluoromethane, sulfur hexafluoride and the aldehydes. The adsorption data for ethyl acetate is questionable. A significant amount of data in the supercritical region (tetrafluouromethane, and hexafluoroethane) revealed a decreasing trend with increasing Tr. For this data a f(Tr) is modeled using TCAR and the slope of the decreasing linear plot against Tr. The physical phenomenom causing this effect is attributed to increasing molecular vibration in the cavity reducing the total molecular loading with temperature rise.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

b:

Dimensionless slope of f(Tr) plot versus saturation loading

MW:

Molecular weight, g/mol

Pc :

Critical pressure, kPa

Pr :

Reduced pressure

q:

Zeolite loading, g/100 g zeolite crystal

qmax :

Maximum zeolite loading, g/100 g zeolite crystal

qmax,c :

Theoretical maximum zeolite loading at the critical temperature, defined by Eq. 5, g/100 g zeolite crystal

R:

Gas constant, 8314 kPa cm3/gmol K

Tc :

Critical temperature, K

TCAR :

Reduced critical adsorbate temperature

Tr :

Reduced temperature

Vβ cage :

Volume of the β cage, 150 Å3

Vlarge cage :

Volume of the large cage, 900 Å3

Zc :

Critical compressibility

ZRA :

Rackett parameter

Γ:

Normalized loading, dimensionless, calculated in Eqs. 6 and 7

εZ :

Crystallographic 13X zeolite void fraction, 0.428 (p. 133)

λ:

Steric factor, used in Eq. 7

ρZ :

Zeolite 13X crystallographic density, 1.43 g/cm3 (p. 133)

References

  • Abouelnasr, D., Loughlin, K. F., Al Mousa, A.: Saturation loadings on 13X (faujasite) zeolite above and below the critical conditions. Part III: Inorganic monatomic and diatomic species data evaluation and modeling. Adsorption 23, 945–961 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahn, N. G., Kang, S. W., Min, B. H., Suh, S. S.: Adsorption isotherms of tetrafluoromethane and hexafluoroethane on various adsorbents. J. Chem. Eng. Data. 51(2), 451–456 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aittomäki, A., Härkönen, M.: Zeolite heat pump—adsorption of methanol in synthetic zeolites 13X, 4A and 5A. Int. J. Refrige. 9(4), 240–244 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akgun, U.: Prediction of adsorption equilibria of gases. Dissertation, The Technische Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany (2006)

  • Akgun, U., Mersmann, A.: Prediction of single component adsorption isotherms on microporous adsorbents. Adsorption 14, 323–333 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al Mousa, A., Abouelnasr, D. M., Loughlin, K. F.: Saturation loadings on 13X (faujasite) zeolite above and below the critical conditions. Part I: Alkane data evaluation and modeling. Adsorption 21, 307–320 (2015a)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al Mousa, A., Abouelnasr, D. M., Loughlin, K. F.: Saturation loadings on 13X (faujasite) zeolite above and below the critical conditions. Part II: Unsaturated and cyclic hydrocarbons data evaluation and modeling. Adsorption 21, 321–332 (2015b)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barrer, R. M., Reucroft, P. J.: Inclusion of fluorine compounds in Faujasite. I. The physical state of the occluded molecules. Proc. R. Soc. London A 258(No. 1295), 431–448 (1960)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bielanski, A., Hajduk, J.: Adsorption of ammonia on active-carbon and 13X molecular-sieve under high-pressure. Przemysl Chem. 65(9), 476–478 (1986)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breck, D.: Zeolite molecular sieves; structure, chemistry and use. Wiley, New York (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • CHERIC. Retrieved from https://www.cheric.org/kdb/research/hcprop/cmpsrch.phpe (2012). Accessed 2012

  • Cortés, F. B., Chejne, F., Carrasco-Marín, F., Moreno-Castilla, C., Pérez-Cadenas, A. F.: Water adsorption on zeolite 13X: comparison of the two methods based on mass spectrometry and thermogravimetry. Adsorption. 16(3), 141–146 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeBoer, J. H.: The dynamical character of adsorption, 2 edn. Oxford Press, London (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Deng, H., Yi, H., Tang, X., Yu, Q., Ning, P., Yang, L.: Adsorption equilibrium for sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen on 13X and 5A zeolites. Chem. Eng. J. 188, 77–85 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dirar, H. Q., Loughlin, K. F.: Intrinsic adsorption properties of CO2 on 5A and 13X zeolite. Adsorption. 19(6), 1149–1163 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doonan, C. J., Tranchemontagne, D. J., Glover, T. G., Hunt, J. R., Yaghi, O. M.: Exceptional ammonia uptake by a covalent organic framework. Nat. Chem. 2(3), 235–238 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira, D., Magalhães, R., Taveira, P., & Mendes, A.: Effective adsorption equilibrium isotherms and breakthroughs of water vapor and carbon dioxide on different adsorbents. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 50(17), 10201–10210 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh, T. K., Hines, A. L.: Adsorption of acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde on molecular sieve 13X. Sep. Sci. Technol. 26(7), 931–945 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grace Davison: Sylobead Adsorbents for Process Applications (2015). https://grace.com/general-industrial/en-us/Documents/sylobead_br_E_2010_f100222_web.pdf

  • Helminen, J., Helenius, J., Paatero, E., Turunen, I.: Adsorption equilibria of ammonia gas on inorganic and organic sorbents at 298.15 K. J. Chem. Eng. Data. 46(2), 391–399 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J. H., Lee, C. H., Kim, W. S., Lee, J. S., Kim, J. T., Suh, J. K., Lee, J. M.: Adsorption equilibria of water vapor on alumina, zeolite 13X, and a zeolite X/activated carbon composite. J. Chem. Eng. Data. 48(1), 137–141 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, K.-M., Oh, H.-T., Lim, S.-J., Park, Y., Lee, C.-H.: Adsorption equilibria of water vapor on zeolite 3A, zeolite 13X, and dealuminated Y zeolite. J. Chem. Eng. Data. 61, 1547–1554 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lopes, F. V., Grande, C. A., Ribeiro, A. M., Loureiro, J. M., Evaggelos, O., Nikolakis, V., Rodrigues, A. E.: Adsorption of H2, CO2, CH4, CO, N2 and H2O in activated carbon and zeolite for hydrogen production. Sep. Sci. Technol. 44(5), 1045–1073 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loughlin, K. F., Abouelnasr, D. M.: Sorbate densities on 5A zeolite above and below the critical conditions: n alkane data evaluation and modeing. Adsorption. 15, 521–533 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manjare, S. D., Ghoshal, A. K.: Adsorption equilibrium studies for ethyl acetate vapor and E-Merck 13X molecular sieve system. Sep. Purif. Technol. 51(2), 118–125 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mette, B., Kerskes, H., Drück, H., Müller-Steinhagen, H.: Experimental and numerical investigations on the water vapor adsorption isotherms and kinetics of binderless zeolite 13X. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. 71, 555–561 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rege, S. U., Yang, R., Buzanowski, M. A.: Sorbents for air prepurification in air separation. Chem. Eng. Sci. 55(21), 4827–4838 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruthven, D., Doetsch, I.: Diffusion of hydrocarbons in 13X zeolite. AlChE J. 22(5), 882–886 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryu, Y. K., Lee, S. J., Kim, J. W., Leef, C. H.: Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of H2O on zeolite 13X. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 18(4), 525–530 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shiflett, M. B., Corbin, D. R., Yokozeki, A.: Comparison of the sorption of trifluoromethane (R-23) on zeolites and in an ionic liquid. Adsorpt. Sci. Technol. 31(1), 59–83 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siperstein, F. R., Myers, A. L.: Mixed gas adsorption. AIChEJ. 47(5), 1141–1159 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spencer, C., Danner, R.: Improved equation for prediction of saturated liquid density. J. Chem. Eng. Data. 17(2), 236–240 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y., LeVan, M. D.: Adsorption equilibrium of carbon dioxide and water vapor on zeolites 5A and 13X and silica gel: pure components. J. Chem. Eng. Data. 54(10), 2839–2844 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, C. M., Chung, T. W., Huang, C. M., Wu, H.: Adsorption equilibria of acetate compounds on activated carbon, silica gel, and 13X zeolite. J. Chem. Eng. Data. 50(3), 811–816 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, R., Han, B., Lin, M., Yu, Y.: Experimental investigation on an adsorption system for producing chilled water. Int. J. Refrige. 15(1), 31–34 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the American University of Sharjah.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, PO Box 26666, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Kevin F. Loughlin & Dana Abouelnasr

  2. Petrofac International, Ltd., Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Alaa al Mousa

Authors
  1. Kevin F. Loughlin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dana Abouelnasr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Alaa al Mousa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dana Abouelnasr.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

10450_2017_9916_MOESM1_ESM.png

Fig. S1 qmax calculated from Rackett’s equation and crystal properties for 13X zeolite as a function of reduced temperature (PNG 109 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM2_ESM.png

Fig. S2a Water isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms in grey are inconsistent with others, and so are screened out. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line. Isotherms that have not attained or approached saturation have a dotted line (PNG 57 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM3_ESM.png

Fig. S2b Water isotherms for studies of the first group. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line (PNG 51 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM4_ESM.png

Fig. S2c Water isotherms for studies of the second group. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line. Isotherms that have not attained or approached saturation have a dotted line (PNG 59 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM5_ESM.png

Fig. S2d Log–log plot of water isotherms for studies of the first group. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line. Isotherms that have not attained or approached saturation have a dotted line (PNG 48 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM6_ESM.png

Fig. S2e Log-log plot of water isotherms for studies of the second group. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms in grey are inconsistent with others, and so are screened out. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line. Isotherms that have not attained or approached saturation have a dotted line (PNG 57 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM7_ESM.png

Fig. S3a Ammonia isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms in grey are inconsistent with others, and so are screened out. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line. Isotherms that have not attained or approached saturation have a dotted line. Data points that are deleted are in grey (PNG 43 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM8_ESM.png

Fig. S3b Log-log plot of ammonia isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line. Isotherms that have not attained or approached saturation have a dotted line (PNG 28 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM9_ESM.png

Fig. S4a Sulfur hexafluoride isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line. Isotherms that have not attained or approached saturation have a dotted line (PNG 40 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM10_ESM.png

Fig. S4b Log-log plot of sulfur hexafluoride isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line. Isotherms that have not attained or approached saturation have a dotted line (PNG 15 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM11_ESM.png

Fig. S5a Dichloromethane (C2H2Cl2) isotherm. Reduced temperature is indicated as a label. The Isotherm has attained saturation and has an unbroken line (PNG 35 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM12_ESM.png

Fig. S5b Log-log plot of dichloromethane (C2H2Cl2) isotherm. Reduced temperature is indicated as a label. The Isotherm has attained saturation and has an unbroken lin (PNG 9 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM13_ESM.png

Fig. S6a Tetrafluouromethane (CF4) isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line. Isotherms that have not attained or approached saturation have a dotted line (PNG 46 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM14_ESM.png

Fig. S6b Log-log plot of Tetrafluouromethane (CF4) isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line. Isotherms that have not attained or approached saturation have a dotted line (PNG 36 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM15_ESM.png

Fig. S7a Hexafluouroethane (C2F6) isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line. Isotherms that have not attained or approached saturation have a dotted line (PNG 25 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM16_ESM.png

Fig. S7b Log-log plot of hexafluoroethane (C2F6) isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line. Isotherms that have not attained or approached saturation have a dotted line. Data points that are deleted are in grey (PNG 31 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM17_ESM.png

Fig. S8a Perfluorodimethylcyclohexane (C8F16) isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line. Isotherms that have not attained or approached saturation have a dotted line. Data points that are deleted are in grey (PNG 17 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM18_ESM.png

Fig. S8b Log-log plot of perfluorodimethylcyclohexane (C8F16) isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line (PNG 35 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM19_ESM.png

Fig. S9a Isotherms for other halocarbons. Labels designate species and reduced temperatures. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line. Data points that are deleted are in grey (PNG 10 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM20_ESM.png

Fig. S9b Log-log plot of isotherms for other halocarbons. Labels designate species and reduced temperature. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line (PNG 23 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM21_ESM.png

Fig. S10a Methanol isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line (PNG 16 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM22_ESM.png

Fig. S10b Log-log plot of methanol isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line (PNG 20 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM23_ESM.png

Fig. S11a Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line (PNG 22 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM24_ESM.png

Fig. S11b Log-log plot of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line (PNG 7 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM25_ESM.png

Fig. S12a Propionaldehyde (C2H5CHO) isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line. Data points that are deleted are in grey (PNG 15 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM26_ESM.png

Fig. S12b Log-log plot of propionaldehyde (C2H5CHO) isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line (PNG 7 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM27_ESM.png

Fig. S13a Butyraldehyde (C3H7CHO) isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line. Data points that are deleted are in grey (PNG 22 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM28_ESM.png

Fig. S13b Log-log plot of butyraldehyde (C3H7CHO) isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line (PNG 7 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM29_ESM.png

Fig. S14a Ethyl acetate isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line. Isotherms that have not attained or approached saturation have a dotted line (PNG 15 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM30_ESM.png

Fig. S14b Log-log plot of ethyl acetate isotherms. Reduced temperatures are indicated as labels. Isotherms that attain saturation have an unbroken line. Isotherms that have not attained or approached saturation have a dotted line (PNG 19 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM31_ESM.png

Fig. S15a Plot of water data in the subcritical regions, with predicted model. The data for water do not fit the model and are correlated (PNG 17 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM32_ESM.png

Fig. S15b Plot of ammonia and sulfur hexafluoride data in the subcritical and supercritical regions, with predicted model. The data for SF6 is regressed using a steric factor (PNG 22 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM33_ESM.png

Fig. S15c Plot of C8F16 data in the subcritical region, with predicted model. The data lie between two isomers of the model (PNG 20 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM34_ESM.png

Fig. S15d Data for hydrogenated halocarbons, except for C8F16, in the subcritical and supercritical regions, with predicted model. The data is correlated in the supercritical region (PNG 42 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM35_ESM.png

Fig. S15e Plot of methanol data in the subcritical region, with predicted model. The data do not fit the model and are correlated (PNG 25 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM36_ESM.png

Fig. S15f Plot of aldehyde data in the subcritical region, with predicted model. The data for all three aldehydes are regressed using steric factors (PNG 11 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM37_ESM.png

Fig. S15g Plot of ethyl acetate in the subcritical region, with predicted model. All the data appear erroneous (PNG 33 KB)

10450_2017_9916_MOESM38_ESM.png

Fig. S16a Gamma plot for all species (with steric factor where applicable) except water, methanol and ethyl acetate (PNG 13 KB)

Fig. S16b Gamma plot for water and methanol (PNG 16 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Loughlin, K.F., Abouelnasr, D. & al Mousa, A. Saturation loadings on 13X (Faujasite) zeolite above and below the critical conditions. Part IV: inorganic multi-atomic species, halocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons data evaluation and modeling. Adsorption 24, 81–94 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-017-9916-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-017-9916-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation