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Selection of a stationary phase for the chromatographic separation of organic acids obtained from bioglycerol oxidation

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Abstract

A screening study of the chromatographic separation of Glyceric Acid (GCA) and Tartronic Acid (TTA) was performed using three different polystyrene-divinylbenzene ion-exchange resins in hydrogen form (Dowex® 50WX-8, Dowex® 50WX-4, Dowex® 50WX-2). The experiments were described by the axial dispersion flow model with the LDF approximation incorporated into the software gPROMS. From the three investigated adsorbents differing by the crosslinking, Dowex® 50WX-2 has presented the higher adsorption capacity, as well as the highest bed efficiency expressed by the number of theoretical plates. The adsorption equilibrium constants were determined from single breakthrough experiments, and a very good agreement between experimental and simulated data was achieved for both single components and binary mixtures. Therefore, the fundamental data determined within this work represents a key contribution to the design of continuous chromatographic processes for the purification of GCA and TTA.

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Abbreviations

\(C\) :

Liquid-phase concentration (kg m−3)

\({C_0}\) :

Feed concentration (kg m−3)

\({C_{i,o}}\) :

Molar concentration of compound i in the bulk phase at the beginning of a breakthrough experiment (mol L−1)

\({C_{out,i}}\) :

Molar concentration of compound i at the fixed bed reactor outlet during a breakthrough experiment mol L−1)

\({D_{ax}}\) :

Axial dispersion coefficient (m2 s−1)

\({D_{p,i}}\) :

Effective diffusivity of compound i (m2 s−1)

\({D_c}\) :

Column diameter (m)

\(E(t)\) :

Residence time distribution (m−1)

\(EC\) :

Eluent consumption (m3 eluent kgProduct −1)

\(K\) :

Linear adsorption equilibrium constant

\({k_h}\) :

Mass transfer coefficient (s−1)

\(L\) :

Fixed bed length (cm)

\(Pe\) :

Peclet number

\(Prod\) :

Productivity (kgProdcut (m3 Adsorbent day)−1)

\(PUR\) :

Raffinate purity

\(PUX\) :

Extract purity

\(\bar{q}_{i}\) :

Average resin-phase concentration (kg m−3)

\(q_i^*\) :

Equilibrium resin retained concentration (kg m−3)

\(Q\) :

Volumetric flow-rate (m3 s−1)

\({R_p}\) :

Radius of the resin particle (m)

\(t\) :

Time variable (s)

\({t_r}\) :

Residence time (s)

\(T\) :

Temperature (K)

\({V_c}\) :

Volume of the column (m3)

\(u~\) :

Interstitial liquid velocity (m s−1)

\({u_s}\) :

Solid velocity (m s−1)

z:

Axial coordinate (m)

\(\alpha\) :

Separation factor

\(\varepsilon\) :

Bed porosity

\({\gamma _j}\) :

Interstitial velocity ratio between the liquid and the solid phases in section j of the TMB

\(\tau\) :

Space time (s)

\({\sigma ^2}\) :

Residence time distribution variance (min2)

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Acknowledgements

LCDC thanks to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for financial support through a PhD Scholarship and to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), which supported this specify work through Sandwich Scholarship at the University of Porto. This work was also financially supported by: Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-00698 - Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) - and by national funds through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Catalytic Process, Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, Brazil

    Lucas C. D. Coelho & Nelson M. L. Filho

  2. Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal

    Rui P. V. Faria, Ana M. Ribeiro & Alírio E. Rodrigues

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  1. Lucas C. D. Coelho
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  2. Nelson M. L. Filho
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  5. Alírio E. Rodrigues
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Correspondence to Rui P. V. Faria.

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Coelho, L.C.D., Filho, N.M.L., Faria, R.P.V. et al. Selection of a stationary phase for the chromatographic separation of organic acids obtained from bioglycerol oxidation. Adsorption 23, 627–638 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-017-9882-5

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