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Estimation of Nuclear DNA Content and Determination of Relationship Between Altitude and Genome Size of USDA Turkish Oat (Avena spp.) Collection

Abschätzung des Kern-DNA-Gehalts und Bestimmung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Höhenlage und Genomgröße türkischer Haferakzessionen (Avena spp.) aus der USDA-Sammlung

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Abstract

Crop improvement is an important approach to overcome challenges raised from future uncertainties of agricultural systems and growing human population. The fundamental need for such improvement efforts is the availability of well characterized plant germplasm with sufficient genetic diversity. The 2C DNA is defined as the nuclear DNA content of an unreplicated diploid cell (in G1 phase) and is used both to get an estimate of genome size and ploidy level. Flow cytometry provides accurate and fast estimation of the genome size of plants. The genus Avena belongs to Poaceae (Gramineae) family and includes approximately 30 species including common oat (A. sativa). There are 837 Avena accessions in the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) Germplasm Resources Information Network (USDA-GRIN) collected from Turkey. This also is the largest ex situ Avena collection from Turkey. However, initial genomic characterization of the collection has not yet been conducted. We estimated genome sizes and determined ploidy levels of Turkish oat collection. Nuclear DNA content of accessions ranged from 25.66 to 26.56 pg for A. sativa, from 25.48 to 26.88 pg for A. sterilis and from 24.85 to 26.41 pg for A. fatua. The average and range values for all three hexaploid species were in a similar close range. The range for putative tetraploid accessions belonging to A. barbata was from 12.79 to 16.90 pg. We found a number of aggregates. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation found between altitude and genome size. Obtained results will help to better utilize Avena collection in breeding efforts.

Zusammenfassung

Die Verbesserung von Nutzpflanzen ist ein wichtiger Ansatz, um die Herausforderungen zu bewältigen, die sich aus den zukünftigen Unsicherheiten der landwirtschaftlichen Systeme und der wachsenden Bevölkerung ergeben. Die Grundvoraussetzung für solche Verbesserungsbemühungen ist die Verfügbarkeit von gut charakterisiertem Keimgewebe der Pflanze mit ausreichender genetischer Vielfalt. Die 2C-DNA ist definiert als der Kern-DNA-Gehalt einer nicht replizierten diploiden Zelle (in der G1-Phase) und wird sowohl zur Abschätzung der Genomgröße als auch des Ploidiegrads verwendet. Die Durchflusszytometrie ermöglicht eine genaue und schnelle Abschätzung der Genomgröße von Pflanzen. Die Gattung Avena gehört zur Familie der Poaceae (Gramineae) und umfasst etwa 30 Arten, darunter auch den gemeinen Hafer (A. sativa). Im USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) Germplasm Resources Information Network (USDA-GRIN) wurden 837 Avena-Akzessionen aus der Türkei gesammelt. Dies ist gleichzeitig die größte ex-situ-Avena-Sammlung aus der Türkei. Eine erste genomische Charakterisierung der Sammlung ist jedoch noch nicht erfolgt. Wir schätzten die Genomgrößen und ermittelten die Ploidiegrade der türkischen Hafersammlung. Der Kern-DNA-Gehalt lag bei A. sativa zwischen 25,66 und 26,56 pg, bei A. sterilis zwischen 25,48 und 26,88 pg und bei A. fatua zwischen 24,85 und 26,41 pg. Die Werte für alle drei hexaploiden Arten lagen in einem ähnlichen Bereich. Die Werte für mutmaßlich tetraploide Akzessionen von A. barbata lagen zwischen 12,79 und 16,90 pg. Wir haben eine Reihe von Aggregaten gefunden. Außerdem wurde eine negative Korrelation zwischen Höhenlage und Genomgröße festgestellt. Die erzielten Ergebnisse werden dazu beitragen, die Avena-Sammlung besser für Züchtungsbemühungen nutzen zu können.

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Acknowledgements

Authors thank Gulru Yucel and Taha Tangut for technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

    M. Aydın Akbudak

  2. Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA

    Muhammet Şakiroğlu

  3. Department of Field Crops, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey

    Metin Tuna

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  1. M. Aydın Akbudak
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  2. Muhammet Şakiroğlu
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  3. Metin Tuna
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Correspondence to M. Aydın Akbudak.

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M.A. Akbudak, M. Şakiroğlu and M. Tuna declare that they have no competing interests.

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Akbudak, M.A., Şakiroğlu, M. & Tuna, M. Estimation of Nuclear DNA Content and Determination of Relationship Between Altitude and Genome Size of USDA Turkish Oat (Avena spp.) Collection. Gesunde Pflanzen 70, 171–178 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-018-0428-x

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