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Detecting emerald ash borers (Agrilus planipennis) using branch traps baited with 3D-printed beetle decoys

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Abstract

Small visual-decoy-baited traps for the emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), have been researched as an alternative to current technologies, but have relied on real beetles rather than synthetic materials. We hypothesized that visual decoys created by three-dimensional (3D) printing can provide such a substitute. Branch traps displaying decoys consisting of real EAB females or 3D-printed decoys were compared to controls without decoys. Traps of the three varieties were placed on neighboring branches along with one (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol lure per tree and checked daily. Both real and 3D-printed decoys similarly increased EAB trap captures compared to controls. The numbers of both sexes were higher on the decoy-baited traps, but the increase in male captures was more pronounced. Males were also ensnared closer to the decoys than females. Daily trap–capture patterns showed sparse activity of EAB adults before June 18, 2013 followed by a peak in captures of both males and females until June 28, 2013. Beginning at approximately July 1, 2013, there was a second peak of EAB captures, which consisted almost entirely of males caught on the decoy-baited traps. The native ash borer Agrilus subcinctus was found earlier in the season and was also significantly attracted to both the real EABs and the 3D-printed decoys compared with control traps. Four purple prism traps were also deployed concurrently and captures tallied on three different days within the season. The results demonstrate efficacy of a small, inexpensive, and fully synthetic decoy-based branch trap system for EAB.

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Acknowledgments

Funding was provided in part by the USDA-APHIS program supporting the Development of Detection Tools for Exotic Buprestid Beetles (12-8130-1430-CA). Jenna Ferraraccio and Dr. Justin George of Penn State University assisted in the collection of traps. Reflectance spectra were obtained by Josh Stapleton of the Pennsylvania State University Materials Research Institute Materials Characterization Laboratory, which is supported by the National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement No. ECS-0335765. Dr. Leland Engel of Penn State University suggested the use of 3D printing for rapid production of inexpensive decoys.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 119 Chemical Ecology Lab, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Michael J. Domingue, Loyal P. Hall & Thomas C. Baker

  2. Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA

    Drew P. Pulsifer & Akhlesh Lakhtakia

  3. Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA

    Jennifer Berkebile & Kim C. Steiner

  4. Plant Protection and Quarantine, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Brighton, MI, USA

    Jonathan P. Lelito

Authors
  1. Michael J. Domingue
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  2. Drew P. Pulsifer
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  3. Akhlesh Lakhtakia
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  4. Jennifer Berkebile
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  5. Kim C. Steiner
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  6. Jonathan P. Lelito
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  7. Loyal P. Hall
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  8. Thomas C. Baker
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Correspondence to Michael J. Domingue.

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Communicated by J. J. Duan.

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Domingue, M.J., Pulsifer, D.P., Lakhtakia, A. et al. Detecting emerald ash borers (Agrilus planipennis) using branch traps baited with 3D-printed beetle decoys. J Pest Sci 88, 267–279 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-014-0598-y

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