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Integrating GPS and BDS to shorten the initialization time for ambiguity-fixed PPP

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Abstract

The main challenge of ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning (PPP) is that it requires 30 min or more to succeed in the first fixing of ambiguities. With the full operation of the BeiDou (BDS) satellite system in East Asia, it is worthwhile to investigate the performance of GPS + BDS PPP ambiguity resolution, especially the improvements of the initial fixing time and ambiguity-fixing rate compared to GPS-only solutions. We estimated the wide- and narrow-lane fractional-cycle biases (FCBs) for BDS with a regional network, and PPP ambiguity resolution was carried out at each station to assess the contribution of BDS. The across-satellite single-difference (ASSD) GPS + BDS combined ambiguity-fixed PPP model was used, in which the ASSD is applied within each system. We used a two-day data set from 48 stations. For kinematic PPP, the percentage of fixing within 10 min for GPS only (Model A) is 17.6 %, when adding IGSO and MEO of BDS (Model B), the percentage improves significantly to 42.8 %, whereas it is only 23.2 % if GEO is added (Model C) due to the low precision of GEO orbits. For static PPP, the fixing percentage is 32.9, 53.3 and 28.0 % for Model A, B and C, respectively. In order to overcome the limitation of the poor precision of GEO satellites, we also used a small network of 10 stations to analyze the contribution of GEO satellites to kinematic PPP. We took advantage of the fact that for stations of a small network the GEO satellites appear at almost the same direction, such that the GEO orbit error can be absorbed by its FCB estimates. The results show that the percentage of fixing improves from 39.5 to 57.7 % by adding GEO satellites.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the reviewers and the editor for their helpful and constructive suggestions to significantly improve the quality of the paper. This work is partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41231174, 41074008, 41404010, 41374034), National 973 Program of China (No. 2012CB957701), Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20120141110025), Non-profit Industry Financial Program of MWR (No. 201401072).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, College of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China

    Yanyan Liu

  2. Key Laboratory for Geo-Environment Monitoring of Coastal Zone of the National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and GeoInformation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China

    Yanyan Liu

  3. Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China

    Yanyan Liu, Shirong Ye, Weiwei Song, Yidong Lou & Dezhong Chen

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  1. Yanyan Liu
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  2. Shirong Ye
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  4. Yidong Lou
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  5. Dezhong Chen
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Correspondence to Shirong Ye.

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Liu, Y., Ye, S., Song, W. et al. Integrating GPS and BDS to shorten the initialization time for ambiguity-fixed PPP. GPS Solut 21, 333–343 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-016-0525-1

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