Abstract
This work focuses on the performances of Locata technology in single point positioning using different firmware versions (v2.0 and v4.2). The main difference is that the Locata transmitters with firmware v2.0 are single frequency, whereas in the v4.2, they are dual frequency. The performance of the different firmware versions has been measured in different environments including an urban canyon-like environment and a more open environment on the roof of the Nottingham Geospatial Building. The results obtained with firmware v4.2 show that with more available signals, cycle slips can be more easily detected, together with the improvement of the detection of multipath fading on the received signal. As a result, the noise level on the carrier phase measurements recorded with firmware v4.2 is equal on average to a third of the level of noise on the measurements recorded with firmware v2.0. In addition, with either firmware, the accuracy of the position is at the sub-centimeter level on the East and North coordinates. The Up coordinate accuracy is generally less accurate and more sensitive to the geometry of the network in our experiments. We then show the importance of the geometry of the Locata network on the accuracy of Locata positioning system through the demonstration of the relationship between the dilution of precision value and the confidence ellipse. We also demonstrate that the model of the noise on the Locata coordinates is a white Gaussian noise with the help of the autocorrelation function. To some extent, this technique can help to detect whether the Wi-Fi technology is interfering with the Locata technology and degrades the positioning accuracy.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barnes JB, Rizos C, Kanli M, Small D, Voigt G, Gambale N, Lamance J, Numan T, Reid C (2004) Indoor industrial machine guidance using Locata: a pilot study at bluescope steel. In: Proceedings of ION GNSS-04, U.S. Institute of Navigation, Dayton (OH), pp. 533–540
Barnes JB, Rizos C, Kanli M, Pahwa M (2006) Locata: a new positioning technology for classically difficult GNSS environments. In: Proceedings of international global navigation satellite systems society (IGNSS symposium 2006)
Bartone C, Graas FV (2000) Ranging airport pseudolite for local area augmentation. IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst 36(1):278–286. doi:10.1109/7.826330
Bonenberg LK, Hancock CM (2010) Tracking, testing (on the Edge). GPS World 21(11):50–51
Bonenberg LK, Roberts GW, Hancock CM (2011) Using Locata to augment GNSS in a kinematic urban environment. Arch Photogramm Cartogr Remote Sensing 22:63–74
Choudhury M, Harvey BR, Rizos C (2010) Mathematical models and a case study of the Locata deformation monitoring system (LDMS). In: Proceedings of XXIV FIG Int. Congress “Facing the Challenges—Building the Capacity”, Sydney, Australia, 11–16 April, pp. 1–14
Khan FA, Rizos C, Dempster AG (2010a) Locata performance evaluation in the presence of wide- and narrow-band interference. J Navig 63(3):527–543. doi:10.1017/S037346331000007X
Khan FA, Dempster AG, Rizos C (2010b) Hybrid schemes for carrier point positioning solution quality improvement. Navigation 57(3):231–247
Massat P, Rudnick K (1990) Geometric formulas for dilution of precision calculations, J Inst Navig 37(4):379–391, ISSN 0028-1522
Meng X, Meo M, Roberts GW, Dodson AH, Cosser E, Luliano E, Morris A (2003) Validating GPS based bridge deformation monitoring with finite element model. In: Proceedings of GNSS 2003, The European navigation conference, 22–25, April, Graz, Austria
Misra P, Enge P (2001) Global positioning system: signals, measurements, and performance, 1st edn, Ganga-Jamuna Press
Montillet J-P (2008) Precise positioning in Urban canyons: applied to the localisation of buried assets, Ph.D. dissertation, Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy, The University of Nottingham
Montillet J-P, Meng X, Roberts GW, Taha A, Hancock C, Ogundipe O, Barnes J (2007) Achieving centimetre-level positioning accuracy in Urban Canyons with Locata technology. J Global Position Syst 6(2):158–165
Montillet J-P, Roberts GW, Hancock C, Meng X, Ogundipe O, Barnes J (2009) Deploying a Locata network to enable precise positioning in urban canyons. J Geodesy 83(2):91–103. doi:10.1007/s00190-008-0236-7
Pervan B, Cohen C, Lawrence D, Cobb HS, Powell J, Parkinson BW (1998) Autonomous integrity monitoring for GPS-based precision landing using ground-based integrity Beacon pseudolites. In: Proceedings of ION GPS-94, U.S. Institute of Navigation, Salt Lake City, Utah, pp. 609–618
Peters GO (2011) Advantages of combining GNSS with ground based pseudo-satellites, Master dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Nottingham
Rizos C, Li Y, Politi N, Barnes J, Gambale N (2011) Locata: a new constellation for high accuracy outdoor and indoor positioning proc. FIG Symposium, Marrakech (Morocco)
Roberts GW, Montillet J-P, de Ligt H, Hancock C, Ogundipe O, Meng X (2007) The Nottingham Locatalite Network. In: Proceedings of the international global navigation satellite systems society (IGNSS) symposium 2007, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 4–6 December, CD-ROM procs
Vaseghi SV (2000) Advanced digital signal processing and noise reduction, 2nd edn. Wiley, London
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the UK Government’s Technology Strategy Board, which funded part of this research and the Australian Research Council (DP0877381). In addition, they also acknowledge the comments from LOCATA Corp. (in particular Dr. Joel Barnes) and the anonymous reviewers when preparing this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Montillet, JP., Bonenberg, L.K., Hancock, C.M. et al. On the improvements of the single point positioning accuracy with Locata technology. GPS Solut 18, 273–282 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-013-0328-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-013-0328-6