Abstract
Oncorhynchus kawamurae (Osteichthyes: Salmonidae) (common name “Kunimasu”), a species endemic to Lake Tazawa, Akita Prefecture, Japan, was believed to have been extinct since 1940. However, nine specimens were discovered in March and April 2010 in Lake Saiko, Yamanashi Prefecture, one of the lakes to which eyed eggs of the species were introduced in 1935. These were identified as O. kawamurae because of having 47–62 pyloric caeca, 37–43 gill-rakers, a black-colored body, and spawning at 30–40 m depth in early spring, which are unique characteristics within Oncorhynchus. Furthermore, the distinctiveness of Kunimasu from sympatric kokanee (O. nerka) was supported by microsatellite DNA data.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akitaken Suisanshikenjo (1907) Kunimasu jinkofuka shiken. Akitaken Suisanshikenjo Jigyohokoku 1907:35–55
Akitaken Suisanshikenjo (1915) Akitaken Senpoku-gun Tazawako chosahokoku. Akitaken Suisanshikenjo Jigyohokoku 1915:1–136
Akitaken Suisanshikenjo (1930) Tazawako ni kansuru chosa. Shikenjohokoku, Akitaken Suisanshikenjo 1928:109–115
Akitaken Suisanshikenjo (1931) Kunimasu chigyo taikoshiiku shiken. Shikenjohokoku, Akitaken Suisanshikenjo 1929:110–116
Behnke RJ (1992) Native trout of western North America. Am Fish Soc Monogr (6):i–xx + 1–275
Croot C, Margolis L (1991) Pacific salmon life histories. UBC Press, Vancouver
Eschmeyer WN (2010) Catalog of fishes, online version. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. http://research.calacademy.org/redirect?url=http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/index.asp. Accessed 20 October 2010
Excoffier L, Laval G, Schneider S (2005) Arlequin ver. 3.0: an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evol Bioinform Online 1:47–50
Haga M, Omori Y, Yamamoto A, Nagura J (1996) Himemasu no zoyoshoku ni kansuru kenkyu–VIII. Report of Yamanashi Fisheries Technology Center 1996:52–55
Hikita T (1962) Ecological and morphological studies of the genus Oncorhynchus (Salmonidae) with particular consideration on phylogeny. Sci Rep Hokkaido Salmon Hatchery 17:1–97
Hosoya K (2002) Salmonidae. In: Nakabo T (ed) Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edn. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp 299–304, 1473–1474
Hubbs CL, Lagler KF (1974) Fishes of the Great Lakes Region. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor
Jordan DS, Hubbs CL (1925) Record of fishes obtained by David Starr Jordan in Japan, 1922. Mem Carnegie Mus 10:93–346, pls 5–12
Koshida T (1910) Kunimasu ni tsuite. Suisan Kenkyushi 5:100–109
Mayr E (1942) Systematics and the origin of species. Columbia University Press, New York
Mayr E (1969) Principles of systematic zoology. McGraw-Hill, New York
Ministry of Environment (2003) Threatened wildlife of Japan, red data book 2nd edn, vol 4. Pisces–brackish and fresh water fishes. Japan Wildlife Research Center, Tokyo
Nakabo T (2002) Introduction to ichthyology. In: Nakabo T (ed) Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edn. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp xxi–xlii
Nakabo T (2011) “Kunimasu” Oncorhynchus kawamurae (Pisces: Salmonidae), 70 years after extinction in Lake Tazawa, Akita Prefecture, Japan. Taxa Proc Jpn Soc Syst Zool 30:31–54
Ohama H, Takahashi K, Okazaki T (1996) Himemasu zoyoshokugijutsu no kaihatsu. Report of Yamanashi Fisheries Technology Center 1996:16–29
Okuyama J (1939) Tazawako no seisei, hensen oyobi rikufu sareta seibutsu ni tsuite. Hokko 47:35–49
Olsen JB, Wilson SL, Kretschmer EJ, Jones KC, Seeb JE (2000) Characterization of 14 tetranucleotide microsatellite loci derived from sockeye salmon. Mol Ecol 9:2185–2187
Oshima M (1940) Sekitsuidobutsu taikei: sakana (Vertebrata: Pisces). Sanseido, Tokyo
Oshima M (1941) Sake-masu zoku no kishu Tazawako no Kunimasu ni tsuite. Nippon Gakujutsu Kyokai Hokoku 16:254–259
Sugiyama H (2000) Tazawako maboroshi no sakana: Kunimasu hyakka. Akita Sakigake Shimpo, Akita
Tanaka A (1911) Kosho no kenkyu. Shincho-sha, Tokyo
Taylor EB, Foote CJ, Wood CC (1996) Molecular genetic evidence for parallel life-history evolution within a pacific salmon (sockeye salmon and kokanee, Oncorhynchus nerka). Evolution 50:401–416
Tokui T (1959a) Studies on the kokanee salmon in Lake Towada, northern Honshu, Japan (I). Sci Rep Hokkaido Salmon Hatchery 13:35–44
Tokui T (1959b) Studies on the kokanee salmon in Lake Towada, northern Honshu, Japan (II). Climate and hydrologic factors. Sci Rep Hokkaido Salmon Hatchery 14:169–192
Tokui T (1964) Studies on the kokanee salmon (V). Transplantation of the kokanee salmon in Japan. Sci Rep Hokkaido Salmon Hatchery 18:73–90
Walbaum JJ (1792) Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium. In quibus systema totum ichthyologiae proponitur cum classibus, ordinibus, generum characteribus, specierum differentiis, observationibus plurimis. Redactis speciebus 242 ad genera 52. Ichthyologiae pars III. Ant Ferdin Rose, Grypeswaldiae
Wood CC (1995) Life history variation and population structure in sockeye salmon. Am Fish Soc Symp 17:195–216
Wood CC, Foote CJ (1996) Evidence for sympatric genetic divergence of anadromous and nonanadromous morphs of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Evolution 50:1265–1279
Wydoski RS, Whitney RR (2003) Inland fishes of Washington. American Fisheries Society and University Washington, Seattle
Acknowledgments
We thank Y. Miura, H. Ito, T. Ozaki, S. Ohara, K. Gyotoku, S. Miyauchi and M. Shimomura for their help in collecting specimens, Akihito, K. Meguro, M. Aizawa, Y. Ikeda, T. Sakou, Y. Matsuzawa, M. Kikuchi, Y. Fujioka, and T. Kikko for discussion and assistance with literature, and A. Tokairin for his assistance in the laboratory work. G.S. Hardy reviewed the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
About this article
Cite this article
Nakabo, T., Nakayama, K., Muto, N. et al. Oncorhynchus kawamurae “Kunimasu,” a deepwater trout, discovered in Lake Saiko, 70 years after extinction in the original habitat, Lake Tazawa, Japan. Ichthyol Res 58, 180–183 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-011-0204-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-011-0204-8