Abstract
Data on the distribution and species-environment relationships of rare and endemic species of protists in Asian tropical waterbodies could provide valuable information for better understanding of auto- and synecology of microbes in tropical ecosystems. We studied the morphology, abundance and distribution of two rare endemic species of testate amoebae Netzelia tuberspinifera and Netzelia mulanensis co-existing in Ba Be Lake (Bac Kan province), the largest natural lake of Vietnam. The results of NMDS and ANOSIM analyses showed insignificant difference by measured physicochemical parameters of water between nearshore and open water areas of the lake. Difference of abundances of each studied species between nearshore and open water areas of Ba Be Lake was not statistically significant. Additionally, abundances of N. tuberspinifera and N. mulanensis were weakly and insignificantly correlated at the time of investigation. The relation between environmental parameters and species distribution was investigated using a redundancy analysis (RDA) following forward selection procedure. The first and second RDA axes explained together 67% of the total variance in the data. Forward selection identified that water temperature and turbidity should be retained for the parsimonious RDA model. It is suggested that water turbidity should be considered in the next studies of relation between environmental variables and testate amoeba data. There were statistically significant differences in morphology between Vietnamese and Chinese populations of both investigated species.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adhikari RK, Kindu M, Pokharel R, Castro LM, Knoke T (2017) Financial compensation for biodiversity conservation in Ba Be National Park of Northern Vietnam. J Nat Conserv 35:92–100
Arrieira RL, Schwind LTF, Bonecker CC, Lansac-Tôha FA (2016a) Temporal dynamics and environmental predictors on the structure of planktonic testate amoebae community in four neotropical floodplains. J Freshw Ecol 32:35–47
Arrieira RL, Schwind LTF, Joko CY, Alves GM, Velho LFM, Lansac-Tôha FA (2016b) Relationships between environmental conditions and the morphological variability of planktonic testate amoeba in four neotropical floodplains. Eur J Protistol 56:180–190
Balik V (1995) Testate amoebae (Protozoa: Rhizopoda) from a primary mountain rain forest in the Tam-Dao region (Vietnam). Acta Soc Zool Bohem 59:1–16
Bobrov AA, Mazei YA, Tiunov AV (2010) Testate amoebae of a monsoon tropical forest of South Vietnam. Acta Protozool 49:311–325
Camacho A, Wurtsbaugh WA, Miracle MR, Armengol X, Vicente E (2003) Nitrogen limitation of phytoplankton in a Spanish karst lake with a deep chlorophyll maximum: a nutrient enrichment bioassay approach. J Plankton Res 25:397–404
Dejen E, Vijverberg J, Nagelkerke LAJ, Sibbing FA (2004) Temporal and spatial distribution of microcrustacean zooplankton in relation to turbidity and other environmental factors in a large tropical lake (L. Tana, Ethiopia). Hydrobiologia 513:39–49
Detmer TM (2019) Zooplankton nearshore compared to offshore in historically fishless lakes of high elevation are influenced by the introduction of Planktivorous fish and water residence time. J Plankton Res 41:154–164
Golemansky V (1979) Psammobiotic thecamoebas of the Vietnamese coast of the China sea with description of Cryptodifflugia brevicolla new species Rhizopoda Arcellinida. Acta Protozool 18:285–292 (in French with English summary)
Gomaa F, Lahr DJG, Todorov M, Li J, Lara E (2017) A contribution to the phylogeny of agglutinating Arcellinida (Amoebozoa) based on SSU rRNA gene sequences. Eur J Protistol 59:99–107
Han B, Wang T, Lin Q, Dumont HJ (2008) Carnivory and active hunting by the planktonic testate amoeba Difflugia tuberspinifera. Hydrobiologia 596:197–201
Han B, Wang T, Xu L, Lin QQ, Dumont HJ (2011a) Dynamics in space and time of four testate amoebae (Difflugia spp.) co-existing in the zooplankton of a reservoir in southern China. Eur J Protistol 47:224–230
Han B, Wang T, Xu L, Lin QQ, Jinyu Z, Dumont HJ (2011b) Carnivorous planktonic Difflugia (Protista, Amoebina Testacea) and their predators. Eur J Protistol 47:214–223
Ndayishimiye JC, Jua L, Li H, Yang X, Liu Z, Yang J (2019) Temperature transfer functions based on freshwater testate amoebae from China. Eur J Protistol 69:152–164
Nguyen TTH, Nguyen TPT, Koike K, Mai TN (2017) Selecting the best band ratio to estimate chlorophyll-a concentration in a tropical freshwater lake using sentinel 2A images from a case study of lake Ba Be (Northern Vietnam). ISPRS Int J Geo-Inf. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6090290
Oksanen J, Blanchet FG, Friendly M, Kindt R, Legendre P, McGlinn D, Minchin PR, O’Hara RB, Simpson GL, Solymos P, Stevens MHH, Szoecs E, Wagner H (2018) Vegan: community ecology package. R Package Version 25-3. Available online at: https://github.com/vegandevs/vegan. Accessed 08 Feb 2021
Pan Y, Wang L, Cao Y, Pang W, Wang Q, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Deng G (2016) Variation of benthic algal assemblages among habitats in subalpine Karstic Lakes and implications for bioassessment. Hydrobiologia 777:183–196
Sironić A, Barešić J, Horvatinčić N, Brozinčević A, Vurnek M, Kapelj S (2017) Changes in the geochemical parameters of karst lakes over the past three decades—the case of Plitvice Lakes, Croatia. Appl Geochem 78:12–22
Team RC (2017) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna
Tran HQ (2017) Diversity and community patterns of testate amoebae in Bau Sen and Bau Trang lakes in Binh Thuan Province, Vietnam. Inland Water Biol 10:1–7
Tran HQ (2020) First data on testate amoeba composition in tropical karst wetlands of Northern Vietnam in relation to type of biotope and season: new bioindication potentialities. Inland Water Biol 13:251–261
Tran HQ, Mazei YA (2018) Testate amoebae from South Vietnam waterbodies with the description of new species Difflugia vietnamica sp. nov. Acta Protozool 57:215–230
Tran HQ, Tran VTH, Tikhonenkov DV (2021) Freshwater testate amoebae from waterbodies of North Vietnam with the finding of indicator species. Limnology 22:151–160
Udovič MG, Cvetkoska A, Žutinić P, Bosak S, Stanković I, Špoljarić I, Mršić G, Borojević KK, Ćukurin A, Plenković-Moraj A (2017) Defining centric diatoms of most relevant phytoplankton functional groups in deep karst lakes. Hydrobiologia 788:169–191
Vadeboncoeur Y, McIntyre PB, Vander Zanden MJ (2011) Borders of biodiversity: life at the edge of the world’s large lakes. Bioscience 61:526–537
Yang J, Beyens L, Shen Y, Feng W (2004) Redescription of Difflugia tuberspinifera Hu, Shen, Gu et Gong, 1997 (Protozoa: Rhizopoda: Arcellinida: Difflugiidae) from China. Acta Protozool 43:281–289
Yang J, Meisterfeld R, Zhang W, Shen Y (2005) Difflugia mulanensis nov. spec., a freshwater testate amoeba from Lake Mulan. China Eur J Protistol 41:269–276
Yang J, Yu X, Liu L, Zhang W, Guo P (2012) Algae community and trophic state of subtropical reservoirs in southeast Fujian, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 19:1432–1442
Yu Z, Zhang W, Liu L, Yang J (2014) Evidence for two different morphotypes of Difflugia tuberspinifera from China. Eur J Protistol 50:205–211
Zhao K, Wang L, Riseng C, Wehrly K, Pan Y, Song K, Da L, Pang W, You Q, Tian H, Liu S, Wang Q (2018) Factors determining zooplankton assemblage difference among a man-madelake, connecting canals, and the water-origin river. Ecol Indic 84:488–496
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dinh K. Chu for the help in the sample collection. This study was supported by the Vietnamese-Russian Tropical Centre (program Ecolan–3.2.6) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant number 20-04-00583). This study was carried out within the framework of a State Assignment no. 121051100102-2.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Handling Editor: Wataru Makino.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tran, H.Q., Tran, V.T.H., Nguyen, C.T. et al. New data on morphology, distribution, and relationship of two Asian endemics Netzelia tuberspinifera and Netzelia mulanensis (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida) co-existing in the largest natural freshwater lake of Vietnam. Limnology 23, 327–335 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-021-00691-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-021-00691-x