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Regulation of Extracellular Matrix Synthesis by Shell Extracts from the Marine Bivalve Pecten maximus in Human Articular Chondrocytes— Application for Cartilage Engineering

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Abstract

The shells of the bivalve mollusks are organo-mineral structures predominantly composed of calcium carbonate, but also of a minor organic matrix, a mixture of proteins, glycoproteins, and polysaccharides. These proteins are involved in mineral deposition and, more generally, in the spatial organization of the shell crystallites in well-defined microstructures. In this work, we extracted different organic shell extracts (acid-soluble matrix, acid-insoluble matrix, water-soluble matrix, guanidine HCl/EDTA-extracted matrix, referred as ASM, AIM, WSM, and EDTAM, respectively) from the shell of the scallop Pecten maximus and studied their biological activities on human articular chondrocytes (HACs). We found that these extracts differentially modulate the biological activities of HACs, depending on the type of extraction and the concentration used. Furthermore, we showed that, unlike ASM and AIM, WSM promotes maintenance of the chondrocyte phenotype in monolayer culture. WSM increased the expression of chondrocyte-specific markers (aggrecan and type II collagen), without enhancing that of the main chondrocyte dedifferentiation marker (type I collagen). We also demonstrated that WSM could favor redifferentiation of chondrocyte in collagen sponge scaffold in hypoxia. Thus, this study suggests that the organic matrix of Pecten maximus, particularly WSM, may contain interesting molecules with chondrogenic effects. Our research emphasizes the potential use of WSM of Pecten maximus for cell therapy of cartilage.

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Acknowledgements

The project received the label of AQUIMER pole (M. Coquelle). The authors thank Copalis (Boulogne-Sur-Mer, France) for providing the shell powders.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the “Fonds Unique Interministériel” (FUI, French Government) through the SEAMINEROIL program to PG and JML. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. MB: Fellowship from the Regional Council of Lower Normandy. TGL: Fellowship from the French Ministry of Research and Technology. TL: Fellowship supported by the SEAMINEROIL grant from the FUI. FL: Post-doctoral fellow supported by a 1-year grant from the FUI.

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Author notes

  1. Philippe Galéra and Florence Legendre contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Microenvironnement Cellulaire et Pathologies (MILPAT), Equipe MIPDF, EA 4652, Normandie University, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, 14000, Caen, France

    Mouloud Bouyoucef, Rodolphe Rakic, Tangni Gómez-Leduc, Philippe Galéra & Florence Legendre

  2. UMR BOREA, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, MNHN, UPMC, UCN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, UFR des Sciences, Normandie University, UNICAEN, 14000, Caen, France

    Thomas Latire, Antoine Serpentini & Jean-Marc Lebel

  3. UMR 6282 CNRS “Biogéosciences”, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France

    Frédéric Marin

  4. Département de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Clinique Saint-Martin, Caen, France

    Sylvain Leclercq

  5. Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire Cellules (ERRMECe), EA 1391, Institut des Matériaux, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 2 avenue Adolphe-Chauvin, 95000, Cergy-Pontoise cedex, France

    Franck Carreiras

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  1. Mouloud Bouyoucef
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  4. Thomas Latire
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  8. Antoine Serpentini
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  9. Jean-Marc Lebel
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  10. Philippe Galéra
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  11. Florence Legendre
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Contributions

MB, JML, PG, and FL designed the experiments. MB, RR, TGL, TL, and FL performed the experiments. MB, AS, JML, PG, and FL analyzed the data. FC, FM, and SL contributed the reagents, materials, and analysis tools. MB and FL wrote the paper. AS, FM, and PG realized the critical revision of the article. JML and PG provided the financial support.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Philippe Galéra.

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All patients signed an informed consent agreement form, which was approved by the local ethics committee.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Electronic Supplementary Material

Fig. S1

Effect of WSM of calcium carbonate on the metabolic activity of chondrocytes cultured in monolayers. HACs were cultured for 24, 48 and 72 h in monolayers in normoxia, with or without 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 μg/ml of WSM of CaCO3. The metabolic activity was measured using the WST-1 assay and represented as box plots (n = 4). The significance of the results was assessed using the Kruskal Wallis test (no significant differences). (GIF 24 kb).

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Bouyoucef, M., Rakic, R., Gómez-Leduc, T. et al. Regulation of Extracellular Matrix Synthesis by Shell Extracts from the Marine Bivalve Pecten maximus in Human Articular Chondrocytes— Application for Cartilage Engineering. Mar Biotechnol 20, 436–450 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-018-9807-7

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