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Bothrops atrox mice experimental envenoming treatment using light-emitting diode (led) as an adjunct therapy to conventional serum therapy

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Abstract

The use of anti-venom is one of the main control measures for snakebite envenoming when applied immediately after the snakebite. Systemic effects of the envenoming are usually reversed; however, neutralization of local effects is hardly achieved. The need for adjuvant therapies associated with serum therapy can improve the treatment for local effects of envenoming, with greater effectiveness in preventing or delaying the progression of damage, reducing the clinical signs and symptoms of victims of snakebites. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the photobiomodulation therapy using LED and/or dexamethasone associated with conventional serum therapy for the treatment of local damage caused by Bothrops atrox envenomation in a murine model. For this, experimental envenoming was carried out in the gastrocnemius muscle of male Swiss mice weighing 18 to 22 g divided into 8 groups of animals, distributed in groups non-treat, treated with anti-bothropic serum, dexamethasone, and LED, or the associated treatments, by intramuscular inoculation of 50 µg of venom or sterile PBS (control). After 30 min, the proposed treatments were administered alone or in combination. After 3 h, blood and muscle samples were collected for myotoxicity, cytotoxicity, histological analysis, and IL-1β assays. The evaluation of the treatment alone showed that serum therapy is not effective for the treatment of local damage and photobiomodulation demonstrated to be an effective therapy to reduce leukocyte infiltration, hemorrhage, and myotoxicity in experimental envenoming; dexamethasone proved to be a good resource for the treatment of the inflammatory process reducing the leukocyte infiltration. The association of serum therapy, LED, and dexamethasone was the best treatment to reduce the local effects caused by Bothrops atrox venom. All in all, the association of photobiomodulation therapy using LED with conventional serum therapy and the anti-inflammatory drug is the best treatment for reducing the undesirable local effects caused by snakebite accidents involving B. atrox species.

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Data Availability

Data are available on request from the corresponding author. The data supporting this study’s findings are available on request from the corresponding author Juliana P. Zuliani.

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Funding

The authors express their gratitude to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and Fundação Rondônia de Amparo ao Desenvolvimento das Ações Científicas e Tecnológicas e à Pesquisa do Estado de Rondônia (Fundação Rondônia—FAPERO) for the financial support. The authors thank the Program for Technological Development in Tools for Health-PDTIS-FIOCRUZ for the use of their facilities. This study was supported by grants from CNPq and PPSUS-MS-RO. Juliana Pavan Zuliani was a recipient of productivity grants 306672/2014–6, 306197/2017–0 and 311696/2021–0 from CNPq. Alex Ferreira e Ferreira was the beneficiary of CAPES (FAPERO) by Master’s fellowship. “This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001.”

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Author notes

  1. Stella Regina Zamuner and Juliana Pavan Zuliani contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada À Saúde, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Rua da Beira, 7671 BR364, Km 3,5 - CEP 76812-245 – Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil

    Alex Augusto Ferreira e Ferreira, Valdison Pereira dos Reis, Hallison Mota Santana, Neriane Monteiro Nery, Jaína Rodrigues Evangelista, Suzanne Nery Serrath, Ricardo Segundo da Silva Dutra, Cristina Matiele Alves Rego, Maria Naiara Macedo Tavares, Milena Daniela Souza Silva & Juliana Pavan Zuliani

  2. Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas E Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas À Saúde (CEBio), – Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil

    Andreimar Martins Soares

  3. Instituto Nacional de Ciência E Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental, INCT-EpiAmO, Porto Velho, Brazil

    Andreimar Martins Soares

  4. Laboratório de Análise e Visualização de Dados – Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil

    Moreno Magalhães S. Rodrigues

  5. Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo-SP, Brazil

    Stella Regina Zamuner

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  1. Alex Augusto Ferreira e Ferreira
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Contributions

A. A. F. F., V. P. R., S. R. Z., and J. P. Z. designed the study; A. A. F. F., V. P. R., H. M. S., J. R. E., N. M. N, S. N. S., R. S. S. D., C. M. A. R., M. N. M. T., and M. D. S. S. performed the experiments; A. M. S. performed and supervised the biochemical procedures; V. P. R., A. A. F. F., M. R., S. R. Z., and J. P. Z. collected analyzed the data and performed the figures; J. P. Z and A. M. S provided reagents; A. F. F., S. R. Z., and J. P. Z wrote the manuscript. All of the authors discussed the results and implications and commented on the manuscript at all stages.

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Correspondence to Stella Regina Zamuner or Juliana Pavan Zuliani.

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Andreimar Martins Soares, Stella Regina Zamuner and Juliana Pavan Zuliani were from Rede de Pesquisa em Toxinologia Básica e Aplicada, REDTOX.

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Ferreira e Ferreira, A.A., dos Reis, V.P., Santana, H.M. et al. Bothrops atrox mice experimental envenoming treatment using light-emitting diode (led) as an adjunct therapy to conventional serum therapy. Lasers Med Sci 38, 53 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-023-03710-8

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