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Translation, internal consistency, reliability and validity of the Thai version of Gout Assessment Questionnaire version 2.0 (GAQ 2.0)

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Abstract

Objectives

To translate the Gout Assessment Questionnaire version 2.0 (GAQ2.0) with Gout Impact (GI) Scale (GIS) into Thai and determine its psychometric property in gout patients with acute arthritis (acute arthritis group) and during the intercritical period (chronic gout group).

Methods

Translation followed the ISPOR recommendations. Cronbach’s α, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standardized response mean (SRM) were used to determine internal consistency, reliability and responsiveness to change, respectively. Correlations between GI subscales with generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaires (SF-36, HAQ-DI and EQ-5D-5L) and gout clinical parameters were determined.

Results

The acute arthritis group and the chronic gout group comprised 27 and 92 patients, respectively. Internal consistency was sufficient for all GI subscales (Cronbach’s α = 0.80–0.98), reliability was moderate to good in most GI subscales (ICC = 0.54–0.88) and responsiveness to change was moderate to large in most GI subscales (SRM = 0.43–0.98). The GI subscales correlated better with SF-36 than HAQ-DI and EQ-5D-5L. In the acute arthritis group, the unmet gout treatment needs subscale showed large and moderate negative correlation with tophi and serum uric acid, respectively. In the chronic gout group, the gout concern overall subscale had statistically significant, moderate correlation with overall gout severity rated by the patients and number of gout attacks over the past year, while the well-being during attack subscale and total GIS score had statistically significant, moderate correlation with overall gout severity rated by the patients.

Conclusion

The Thai GAQ2.0 GIS showed acceptable internal consistency, reliability and responsiveness to change and correlated significantly with generic HRQoL questionnaires and clinical parameters.

Key Points

• The Thai GAQ2.0 GIS showed acceptable internal consistency, reliability and responsiveness to change in gout patients both during acute attack and during the intercritical period

• The GI subscales showed significant correlation with SF-36 and HAQ questionnaires and gout clinical parameters in gout patients both during acute attack and during the intercritical period

• The Thai GAQ2.0 GIS subscales should be used in conjunction with generic HRQoL for complete HRQoL assessment in gout patients

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Acknowledgements

We thank Michel Thibeult, Pholaphat Charles Inboriboon, MD, and Pim Jetnalin, MD, for their help in the translation process; Prof. Manathip Osiri, MD, for her kind permission to use the HAQ Thai version; Dr. John O’Connell, Global Director of the Senior Outcomes Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, and owner of the GIS part of the GAQ2.0, for permission to translate the questionnaires; Prof. Jan D Hirsch, MD, for permission to translate her original GAQ 2.0 full version; and Bernhard Slapp, PhD, Executive Director of the EuroQoL Research Foundation for permission to use the EQ-5D-5L Thai version. We also thank Mrs. Waraporn Sukitawut and Ms. Phimwalan Konkaew for their secretarial assistance, and Ms. Supparat Konsamun for her assistance in statistical analysis

Funding

This study was supported by the Faculty of Medicine Research Fund, Chiang Mai University (No.154/2019).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Nathrudee Phrintrakul

    Present address: Lanna Hospital, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Nathrudee Phrintrakul, Nuntana Kasitanon & Worawit Louthrenoo

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Antika Wongthanee

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Contributions

NP, NK, WL did conception and design, translation process and data collection;

NP, AW, WL performed statistical analysis and interpretation;

NP, AW, NK, WL were involved in critical review of intellectual contents;

NP and WL contributed to writing the first and final version of the manuscript.

All of the authors approved submission of the final version for publication. Dr. Louthrenoo had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity and accuracy of the data and analysis.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Worawit Louthrenoo.

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Ethical standard

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University (no. 101/2019). All of the participants signed the informed consent form prior to enrollment.

Competing of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing of interests.

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Phrintrakul, N., Wongthanee, A., Kasitanon, N. et al. Translation, internal consistency, reliability and validity of the Thai version of Gout Assessment Questionnaire version 2.0 (GAQ 2.0). Clin Rheumatol 41, 2129–2141 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-022-06148-5

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