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Serummarker nach Schädel-Hirn Trauma

Serum parameters after traumatic brain injury

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Trauma und Berufskrankheit

Zusammenfassung

Klassifikation

Das Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT) wird entsprechend der neurologischen Beeinträchtigung und dem damit verbundenen Punktwert im Glasgow-Coma-Score (GCS) eingeteilt in leicht (GCS: 13 bis 15 Punkte), mittel (GCS: 9 bis 12 Punkte) und schwer (GCS: 3 bis 8 Punkte).

Diagnostik

Während das diagnostische Management beim mittleren und schweren SHT immer die kraniale Computertomographie (CCT) beinhaltet, stellt das leichte SHT ein diagnostisches Dilemma dar. Die Ursache hierfür ist darin begründet, dass die neurologischen Beeinträchtigungen weitaus häufiger durch Begleitintoxikationen usw. bedingt sind als durch intrakraniale Pathologien, dies jedoch nicht als Ausschlusskriterium herangezogen werden kann, sodass derzeit alle Patienten mit SHT mittels CCT untersucht werden müssen. Serummarker wurden als zusätzliches diagnostisches Werkzeug propagiert, um die Indikationsstellung zur CCT verbessern zu können.

Literaturdaten

Die derzeitige Studienlage zu Serummarkern in der Diagnostik des leichten SHT wird zusammengefasst, und der derzeitige Wissensstand wird anhand einer übersichtlichen Grafik klar dargestellt.

Abstract

Classification

In patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is the most commonly used system for classification of TBI severity. Using the GCS score TBI can be classified into mild (GCS 15-13), moderate (GCS 13-9) and severe (GCS 8-3).

Diagnostics

In patients with moderate or severe TBI cranial computed tomography (CCT) is obligatory. In patients presenting with mild TBI physicians face a dilemma because the neurological impairment occurs more often as a corollary of acute intoxication or pre-existing conditions and not due to intracranial lesions. Nevertheless, to exclude the risk of intracranial bleeding all patients with mild TBI have to undergo neuroradiological imaging. Individuals suffering from mild TBI would therefore benefit from additional evaluation of serum parameters that help to determine the necessity for a CCT scan.

Literature

This review provides a critical assessment of current serum parameters used for the diagnosis of mild TBI and the current state of knowledge.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675, München, Deutschland

    P. Biberthaler

  2. Dept. of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 45 Francis Str., 02115, Boston, MA, USA

    L. Wanke-Jellinek

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  1. L. Wanke-Jellinek
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  2. P. Biberthaler
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Correspondence to P. Biberthaler.

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Wanke-Jellinek, L., Biberthaler, P. Serummarker nach Schädel-Hirn Trauma. Trauma Berufskrankh 15 (Suppl 2), 107–114 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10039-013-1957-2

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