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Limits to the three domains of life: lessons from community assembly along an Antarctic salinity gradient

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A Correction to this article was published on 22 January 2024

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Abstract

Extremophiles exist among all three domains of life; however, physiological mechanisms for surviving harsh environmental conditions differ among Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya. Consequently, we expect that domain-specific variation of diversity and community assembly patterns exist along environmental gradients in extreme environments. We investigated inter-domain community compositional differences along a high-elevation salinity gradient in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Conductivity for 24 soil samples collected along the gradient ranged widely from 50 to 8355 µS cm−1. Taxonomic richness varied among domains, with a total of 359 bacterial, 2 archaeal, 56 fungal, and 69 non-fungal eukaryotic operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Richness for bacteria, archaea, fungi, and non-fungal eukaryotes declined with increasing conductivity (all P < 0.05). Principal coordinate ordination analysis (PCoA) revealed significant (ANOSIM R = 0.97) groupings of low/high salinity bacterial OTUs, while OTUs from other domains were not significantly clustered. Bacterial beta diversity was unimodally distributed along the gradient and had a nested structure driven by species losses, whereas in fungi and non-fungal eukaryotes beta diversity declined monotonically without strong evidence of nestedness. Thus, while increased salinity acts as a stressor in all domains, the mechanisms driving community assembly along the gradient differ substantially between the domains.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the support staff at McMurdo Station for their assistance, as well as Raytheon Company, Inc. and Petroleum Helicopters, Inc. for logistical support. We appreciate assistance with sample processing provided by George Rosenberg of the Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), University of New Mexico.

Funding

This work was funded by NSF Grant OPP1142096 awarded to CT-V, DV, and ES. The McMurdo LTER (NSF Grant OPP1115245) provided additional support to CT-V and DV acknowledges support from NSF Grant OPP124599. The DNA sequencing reported in this publication was done by the Molecular Biology Facility in the Department of Biology and the Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology at the University of New Mexico, which is supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of HB under Award Number P30GM110907. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Xiaoben Jiang

  2. Department of Biology, MSC03 2020 1UNM, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA

    David J. Van Horn, Heather N. Buelow, Daniel R. Colman & Cristina D. Takacs-Vesbach

  3. School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA

    Jordan G. Okie

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA

    Egbert Schwartz

  5. Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA

    Kelli L. Feeser

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  1. Xiaoben Jiang
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  2. David J. Van Horn
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  3. Jordan G. Okie
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  4. Heather N. Buelow
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  6. Daniel R. Colman
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  8. Cristina D. Takacs-Vesbach
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Correspondence to Cristina D. Takacs-Vesbach.

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Communicated by A. Oren.

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Table S1. BLAST results of OTUs exclusively present in the high salinity group (XLSX 13 KB)

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Table S2. Results of general linear model analysis: Jaccard beta diversity versus mean log EC (conductivity) in bacteria (DOCX 18 KB)

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Table S3. Results of general linear model analysis: Jaccard beta diversity versus mean log EC (conductivity) in fungi (DOCX 15 KB)

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Table S4. Results of general linear model analysis: Jaccard beta diversity versus mean log EC (conductivity) in non-fungal eukaryotes (DOCX 15 KB)

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Jiang, X., Van Horn, D.J., Okie, J.G. et al. Limits to the three domains of life: lessons from community assembly along an Antarctic salinity gradient. Extremophiles 26, 15 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-022-01262-3

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