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Comparative analysis of prokaryotic diversity in solar salterns in eastern Anatolia (Turkey)

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Abstract

The prokaryotic communities of four salterns (Bingöl, Fadlum, Kemah, and Tuzlagözü) in Turkey were examined and compared using the cultivation and cultivation-independent methods [fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and 454 pyrosequencing]. FISH analysis with universal probes revealed that feeding waters carried 1.6 × 102–1.7 × 103 cells mL−1, while crystallization ponds carried 3.8 × 106–2.0 × 107 cells mL−1 that were mostly haloarchaea, including square cells (except for Kemah). High-throughput 16S rRNA-based gene sequencing showed that the most frequent archaeal OTUs in Bingöl, Fadlum, Tuzlagözü, and Kemah samples were affiliated with Haloquadratum (76.8 %), Haloarcula (27.8 %), Halorubrum (49.6 %), and Halonotius (59.8 %), respectively. Bacteroidetes was the dominant bacterial phylum in Bingöl and Fadlum, representing 71.5 and 79.5 % of the bacterial OTUs (respectively), while the most abundant bacterial phylum found in the Kemah saltern was Proteobacteria (79.6 %). The majority of the bacterial OTUs recovered from Tuzlagözü belonged to the Cyanobacteria (35.7 %), Bacteroidetes (35.0 %), and Proteobacteria (25.5 %) phyla. Cultivation studies revealed that the archaeal isolates were closely related to the genera Halobacterium, Haloarcula, and Halorubrum. Bacterial isolates were confined to two phyla, Proteobacteria (Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria classes) and Bacteroidetes. Comparative analysis showed that members of the Euryarchaeota, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Cyanobacteria phyla were major inhabitants of the solar salterns.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Prof. Dr. Mike Dyall-Smith for his helpful and critical comments on this work. The authors would like to thank Dr. Dionysios Antonopoulos from the Argonne National Laboratory (USA) for the English language review. This work was supported by the Anadolu University Research Foundation [Grant Number 1109F153].

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  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey

    Seval Çınar & Mehmet Burçin Mutlu

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  1. Seval Çınar
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  2. Mehmet Burçin Mutlu
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Correspondence to Seval Çınar.

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Communicated by A. Oren.

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Çınar, S., Mutlu, M.B. Comparative analysis of prokaryotic diversity in solar salterns in eastern Anatolia (Turkey). Extremophiles 20, 589–601 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-016-0845-7

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