Abstract
We assessed the relationship between energy-adjusted amino acids (EAA) intakes and obesity risk using data on nutrient intakes derived from the Chinese food composition tables to determine dietary intakes (DI) among 1109 obese and 3009 normal weight subjects. Dietary patterns (DP) were identified using principal component analysis, multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of obesity risk by quartiles of EAA intakes was estimated using logistic regression with two-sided P < 0.05. Multivariable-adjusted OR and 95% CI for obesity risk were 1.00, 0.801 (0.573, 1.119), 0.718 (0.504, 1.024) and 0.532 (0.353, 0.803) P-trend = 0.003 across energy-adjusted quartiles of total AA intakes. Similarly, higher DI of 13 AA; isoleucine, leucine, valine, lysine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, threonine, histidine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, proline, and serine were associated with lower risk of obesity. Furthermore, six DP; ‘Wheaten food and Rice’, ‘Fruit, Vegetables and Milk’, ‘Snack, Beverage and Ice cream’, ‘Potatoes, Soybean & Egg’, ‘Livestock & Poultry meat’ and ‘Fish’ were identified. Multivariable-adjusted OR and 95% CI across quartiles of DP adherence for obesity risk were 1.00, 0.737 (0.535, 1.017), 0.563 (0.406, 0.779), 0.724 (0.518, 1.011) P-trend = 0.018 for ‘Fruit, Vegetables and Milk’, 1.00, 0.734 (0.531, 1.013), 0.841(0.609, 1.161), 0.657 (0.478, 0.904) P-trend = 0.027 for ‘Potatoes, Soybean & Egg’ and 1.00, 1.106 (0.791, 1.548), 1.367(0.975, 1.917), 1.953 (1.399, 2.726) P-trend = 0.000 for ‘Fish’. Additionally, lower adherence to ‘Snack, Beverage and Ice cream’ and ‘Fish’ patterns is associated with a protective higher AA intake-obesity risk relationship. Energy-adjusted AA intakes were inversely associated with obesity risk, but the associations appear modifiable by DP adherence of respondents.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC1307401) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81573134). In addition, APO was supported by the China Scholarship Council (2015BSZ778). The funders had no role in the design of the study; data acquisition, analyses or interpretation; writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish these results.
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APO, YL and CHS planned the study. APO and XYW analyzed and interpreted the data. APO and RNF drafted the manuscript. XYW contributed to the discussion, reviewed and edited the manuscript. YL and CHS revised the manuscript for important intellectual content and are the guarantors of this study with full access to all the data and takes responsibility for the integrity, accuracy and analysis of the data. All authors approved the final version of the submitted manuscript.
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Okekunle, A.P., Wu, X., Feng, R. et al. Higher intakes of energy-adjusted dietary amino acids are inversely associated with obesity risk. Amino Acids 51, 373–382 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-018-2672-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-018-2672-x