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Neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Austria

Expert review and introduction to the TargetAMD approach

Neovaskuläre altersbedingte Makuladegeneration in Österreich

Expertenreview und Vorstellung des TargetAMD-Verfahrens

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Summary

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in patients over 50 years of age in developed countries. It is estimated that the projected number of people with AMD will be 196 million worldwide by the year 2020, increasing to 288 million by 2040. Of these patients, 10–20% suffering from the fast progressing neovascular form of the disease (nAMD) account for 90% of all cases of severe vision loss. In fact, AMD is responsible for 8.7% of all cases of blindness worldwide. These numbers indicate the substantial burden of the disease. The WHO estimates that 246 million people worldwide currently have low vision and 39 million are blind. A literature (Medline) and Internet research was performed to better understand the prevalence of AMD and how health care could be prepared to cope with it in the future. In 2015, there were 90,010 intravitreal injections (IVI) in Austrian hospitals and primary care units. In 2016, this number rose to >100,000 IVI as the applications increase by approx. 15–20% every year. Since health insurances do not refund IVI in primary care, these services are channeled toward clinical wards, causing overcrowded waiting rooms and dissatisfied patients. Despite this high number of IVI in Austria, real-life data show that the number of IVI given today is not sufficient to keep visual acuity on a steady level. Therefore, new and long-acting treatment options are needed to end the burden for clinics and patients and to increase treatment efficiency by simplified protocols. Herein, a potential new gene-therapeutic approach using nonviral vectors and somatic pigment epithelial cells to overcome the imbalance of pigment epithelium-derived factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in nAMD is described.

Zusammenfassung

Die altersbedingte Makuladegeneration (AMD) ist die Hauptursache der Erblindung bei Patienten über 50 Jahren in Industrieländern. Es wird geschätzt, dass die Zahl der Personen mit AMD im Jahr 2020 voraussichtlich auf 196 Mio. weltweit ansteigen wird und bis 2040 auf 288 Mio. Von dieser Population leiden 10–20 % an der schnell fortschreitenden neovaskulären Form der Krankheit (nAMD), die aber 90 % aller Fälle mit schwerem Sehverlust ausmachen. AMD ist die Ursache für 8,7 % aller Erblindungen weltweit. Diese Zahlen zeigen die substanzielle Belastung durch die Erkrankung. Laut Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) sind derzeit 39 Mio. blind, und 246 Mio. leiden unter schlechter Sehkraft. Für ein besseres Verständnis der Prävalenz der AMD und zur Prüfung, ob das Gesundheitssystem auf den zukünftigen Patientenanstieg vorbereitet ist, wurde eine Literatur- (Medline) und Internetrecherche durchgeführt. Es gab 2015 in österreichischen Klinikambulanzen und im niedergelassenen Bereich 90.010 intravitreale operative Medikationseinspritzungen (IVOM). Diese Zahl überstieg 2016 die 100.000er-Grenze, da IVOM jährlich um etwa 15–20 % ansteigen. Da die Sozialversicherungen IVOM im niedergelassenen Bereich nicht erstatten, wird für diesen Service an die Klinikambulanzen verwiesen, was überfüllte Wartesäle und unzufriedene Patienten zur Folge hat. Trotz der hohen Zahl der IVOM allein in Österreich zeigen reale Daten, dass die Anzahl der IVOM nicht zum Visuserhalt ausreicht. Deshalb werden neue und langwirksame Behandlungsoptionen benötigt, um die Belastung für Klinik und Patient zu senken und die Wirksamkeit durch einfache Therapieprotokolle zu erhöhen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein wirksames neues Gentherapieverfahren mittels nichtviraler Vektoren und somatischer Pigmentepithelzellen vorgestellt, welches das Ungleichgewicht von „pigment epithelium-derived factor“ (PEDF) und „vascular endothelial growth factor“ (VEGF) bei nAMD beheben soll.

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Correspondence to Ulrike Stolba.

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U. Stolba, S. Ansari-Shahrezaei, S. Hagen, M. Stattin, S. Schmid, M. Kropp, N. Harmening, G. Thumann, and TargetAMDGroup declare that they have no competing interests.

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Stolba, U., Ansari-Shahrezaei, S., Hagen, S. et al. Neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Austria. Spektrum Augenheilkd. 31, 206–211 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-017-0356-7

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