Abstract
The Masjed Daghi porphyry-epithermal Cu-Au-Mo deposit in the northern Arabian-Eurasian collision zone of the Alborz Magmatic Assemblage, NW Iran, is hosted by an early Miocene quartz monzodiorite to diorite intrusion that intruded Eocene volcanic rocks. Potassic, phyllic, argillic, and propylitic alterations associated with four stages of porphyry mineralization (I to IV) are distinguished. Late high-sulfidation epithermal veins of mainly quartz or quartz-barite are enclosed in concentric zones of advanced argillic, argillic, silicic, and propylitic alterations.
Poly-phase brine inclusions from the stage ΙΙ porphyry mineralization have homogenization temperatures (Th) between 305 and 600 ºC, with salinity from 30.2 to 73.9 wt% NaCl equivalent. Brines inclusions of stages ΙΙΙ and ΙV have Th from 192 to 466 ºC and salinity from 20.6 to 59.2 wt% NaCl equivalent. These brine inclusions were trapped with vapor-rich inclusions, which have Th from 122 to 318 ºC and low-moderate salinity of 0.3 to 22.3 wt% NaCl equivalent. Fluid inclusions from quartz and sphalerite in epithermal veins yielded Th ranges of 123–298 °C and 121–218 °C, and salinity ranges of 1.9–12.8 and 1.9–11.2 wt% NaCl equivalent, respectively. The δ34S values of sulfide minerals from stages ΙΙ and ΙΙΙ porphyry mineralization vary from + 0.9 to + 2.3‰, whereas the δ34S values of sulfides from the late epithermal veins range from + 1.2 to -1.1‰. These characteristics are consistent with a similar magmatic source for both the fluids of porphyry mineralization and subsequent high-sulfidation epithermal veins. The Masjed Daghi deposit that represents a telescoped porphyry-epithermal system of copper–gold mineralization in the center and peripherals of the early Miocene intrusive stocks shows both similarities and differences to other Tethyan deposits in the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All data presented in the text of the article are fully available without restriction from authors upon request.
Code availability
Not applicable.
References
Agard P, Omrani J, Jolivet L, Mouthereau F (2005) Convergence history across Zagros (Iran): constraints from collisional and earlier deformation. Int J Earth Sci 94:401–419
Agard P, Omrani J, Jolivet L, Whitechurch H, Vrielynck B, Spakman W, Monié P, Meyer B, Wortel R (2011) Zagros orogeny: a subduction-dominated process. Geological Mag 148:692–725
Aghanabati A (1986) Geological map of the Middle East. Geol Surv Iran
Aghazadeh M, Hou Z, Badrzadeh Z, Zhou L (2015) Temporal–spatial distribution and tectonic setting of porphyry copper deposits in Iran: constraints from zircon U-Pb and molybdenite Re–Os geochronology. Ore Geol Rev 70:385–406
Ahmad SN, Rose AW (1980) Fluid inclusions in porphyry and skarn ore at Santa Rita, New Mexico. Econ Geol 75:229–250
Akaryalı E, Tüysüz N (2013) The genesis of the slab window-related Arzular low-sulfidation epithermal gold mineralization (eastern Pontides, NE Turkey). Geosciences Frontiers 4:409–421
Alavi M (1991) Tectonic map of the Middle East (scale 1: 5, 000, 000). Geol Surv Iran
Alavi M (1980) Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Zagrosides of Iran. Geology 8:144–149
Atalou S, Nazafati N, Lotfi M, Aghazadeh M (2017) Fluid inclusion investigations of the Masjed Daghi copper-gold porphyry-epithermal mineralization, east Azerbaijan province, NW Iran. Open J Geology 7:1110–1127
Arribas AJ (1995) Characteristics of highsulfidation epithermal deposits, and their relation to magmatic fluid. Mineral Assoc Can 23:419–454
Ballato P, Uba CE, Landgraf A, Strecker MR, Sudo M, Stockli DF, Freidrich A, Tabatabaei SH (2011) Arabia-Eurasia continental collision: Insights from Tertiary foreland-basin evolution in the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran. Bulletin 123:106–131
Bean RE (1982) Hydrothermal alteration in silicate rocks. In: Titley SR (ed) advances in geology of the porphyry copper deposits, southwestern north America. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp 117–137
Berberian M, King GCP (1982) Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran. Can J Earth Sci 18:210–265
Berberian F, Berberian M (1981) Tectono-plutonic episodes in Iran Zagros Hindu Kush. Himal Geodynamic Evolut 3:5–32
Bodnar RJ, Reynolds TJ, Kuehn CA (1985) Fluid inclusion systematic in epithermal systems. Rev Econ Geol 2:73–97
Calagari AA, Polyad A, Patrick RAD (2001) Veinlets and micro veinlets studies in Sungun porphyry deposit, east Azarbaijan. Iran Geosciences 10:70–79
Chiu HY, Chung SL, Zarrinkoub MH, Mohammadi SS, Khatib MM, Iizuka Y (2013) Zircon U-Pb age constraints from Iran on the magmatic evolution related to Neotethyan subduction and Zagros orogeny. Lithos 162:70–87
Ciobanu CL, Cook NJ, Stein H (2002) Regional setting and geochronology of the late Cretaceous bananitic magmatic and metallogenic belt. Mineral Deposita 37:541–567
Cooke DR, Simmons SF (2000) Characteristics and genesis of epithermal gold deposits. Rev Econ Geol 13:221–244
Deer WA, Howie RA, Zussman J (2013) An introduction to the rock forming minerals. 3rd excerpted student edition. Geological Society of London/UK, pp 505
Dewey JF, Pitman WC, Ryan WBF, Bonnin J (1973) Plate tectonics and the evolution of the apian system. Geol Soc Am Bull 84:3137–3180
Ebrahimi S, Alirezaei S (2008) Tectonomagmatic Setting of the Epithermal Precious Metal Deposits in the Arasbaran Metallogenic Province, NW Iran. GACMAC Annu meet, Quebec
Ebrahimi S, 2006. Mineralogy, Alteration, Geochemistry and Mechanism of Ore Formation in Gold bearing Veins at Sharafabad, Eastern Azarbaijan, Iran. Dissertation, University of Shahid Beheshti
Ebrahimi S, Alirezaei S, Pan Y (2011) Geological Setting, Alteration, and Fluid Inclusion Characteristics of Zaglic and Safikhanlou Epithermal Gold Prospects, Northwest Iran. Geol Soc Lond, Spec Publ 350:133–147
Ebrahimi S, Alirezaei S, Pan Y, Mohammadi B (2017) Geology, mineralogy and ore fluid characteristics of the Masjed Daghi gold bearing veins system, NW Iran. J Econ Geol 9:561586 (in Persian with English abstract)
Emamalipour A, Abdoli Eslami H, Hajalilou B (2010) Geochemistry investigation of hydrothermal alteration related to gold epithermal mineralization in the Masjed Daghi area, west Julfa, northwest Iran. J Econ Geol 3:199–213 (in Persian with English abstract)
Ghadimzadeh A, Heydari S, Hajnouroozi D, Khodabande F (2000) Exploration studies of epithermal gold and Cu Mo porphyry in the Arasbaran zone. Geol Surv Iran 230:134
Goldstein RH, Raynolds TJ (1994) Systematic of fluid inclusions in diagenetic minerals. Soc Sediment Geol 31:199
Haas JL (1971) The effect of salinity on the maximum thermal gradient of a hydrothermal system at hydrostatic pressure. Econ Geol 66:940–946
Hassanpour Sh, Alirezaei S (2017) Eocene MasjedDaghi porphyry CuAu deposit; an example of island arc porphyry type deposit in NW Iran. Earth Sci 104:43–58 (in Persian with English abstract)
Hassanzadeh J (1993) Metallogenic and tectonomagmatic events in the SE sector of the Cenozoic active continental margin of central Iran (Shahr e Babak area, Kerman Province): Dissertation, University of California
Hassanzadeh j, Ghazi AV, Axen G, Guest B (2002) Oligo-Miocene mafic alkaline magmatism in north and northwest of Iran: evidence for the separation of the Alborz from the UrumiehDokhtar magmatic arc. Geol Soc Am, Abstr
Hedenquist HW, Arribas A, Gonzales Urien E (2000) Exploration for epithermal gold deposits. Rev Econ Geol 13:245–277
Heydarzadeh A (2005) Study of economic geology and controlling factors of Au mineralization in Zaglic area, east of Ahar. Dissertation, Inst Earth Sci Geol Surv Iran
Heidari SM, Daliran F, Paquette JL, Casquet D (2015) Geology, timing, and genesis of the high sulfidation Au (Cu) deposit of Touzlar, NW Iran. Ore Geol Rev 65:460–486
Hezarkhani A, Williams Jones AE (1998) Controls of alteration and mineralization in the Sungun porphyry copper deposit, Iran: Evidence from fluid inclusion and stable isotopes. Econ Geol 93:651–670
Hosseini M, Hassanzadeh J, Alirezaei S, Sun WLC (2017) Age revision of the Neotethyan is migration into the southeast Urumieh Dokhtar belt of Iran geochemistry and UPb zircon geochronology. Lithos 86:114–134
Hosseinzadeh MR (2008) Geology, geochemistry, fluid inclusion, alteration, and genesis of Sunajil porphyry copper deposits, east of Heris, eastern Azarbaijan province, Iran. Dissertation, Tabriz University
Hovakimyan A, Moritz R, Tayan R, Melkonyan R, Harutynunyan M (2019) Cenozoic strike-slip tectonics and structural controls of porphyry Cu-Mo and epithermal deposits during geodynamic evolution of the southernmost Lesser Caucasus, Tethyan Metallogenic Belt. Econ Geol 114:1301–1337
Imer A, Richards JP, Creaser RA (2013) Age and tectonomagmatic setting of the EoceneÇöpler–Kabataş magmatic complex and porphyry-epithermal Au deposit, East Central Anatolia, Turkey. Mineral Deposita 48:557–583
Jamali H, Mehrabi B (2015) Relationships between arc maturity and Cu-Mo-Au porphyry and related epithermal mineralization at the Cenozoic Arasbaran metallogenic Belt. Ore Geol Rev 65:487–501
John DA, Nash JT, Clark CW, Wulftange WH (1991) Geology, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization at the Paradise Peak gold-silver-mercury, Nye Country, Nevada. Geol Soc Nevada 1020–1050
Karimzadeh Somarin A, Moayyed M, Hosseinzadeh G (2002) Ore mineralization in the Sonajil porphyry copper deposit, Herris region, NW Iran. Int Mineral Assoc, Edinburgh, pp 271
Karimzadeh Somarin A (2004) Geochemical effects of endo-sakarn formation in the Mazraeh Cu-Fe skarn deposit in northwestern Iran, Geochemistry. Explor Environ Anal 4:307–315
Kouhestani H, Ghaderi M, Large R, Zaw K (2017) Texture and chemistry of pyrite at Chah Zard epithermal gold-silver deposit. Iran Ore Geol Rev 84:80–101
Kuşcu I, Tosdal RM, Gencalioglu G, Friedman R, Ullrich TD (2013) Late Cretaceous to Middle Eocene magmatism and metallogeny of a portion of the southeastern Anatolian Orogenic Belt, East Central Turkey. Econ Geol 108:641–666
Kuscu GG, Geneli F (2010) Review of post-collision volcanism in the Central Anatolian Volcanic Province (Turkey), with special reference to the Tepekoy volcanic complex. Int J Earth Sci 99:593–621
Lecumberri-Sanches P, Steele-MacInnis M, Bodnar RJ (2012) A numerical model to estimate trapping conditions of fluid inclusions that homogenize by halite disappearance. Cheochim Cosmochim Acta 92:14–22
Mohammadi B, Aliakbari H, Fard M, Samaee A (2005) Geology and drilling report of Masjed Daghi area (scale 1:1000). Geol Surv Iran 340:130
Moore WJ, McKee EH, Akinci OT (1980) Chemistry and chronology of plutonic rocks in the Pontid Mountains, northern Turkey. In: Jankovic S, Sillitoe RH (eds) European Copper Deposits. UNESGOIGCP, Belgrade, pp 209–216
Morley CK, Kongwung B, Julapour AA, Abdolghafourian M, Hajian M, Waples D, Warren J, Otterdoom H, Srisuriyon K, Kazemi H (2009) Structural developments of a major late Cenozoic basin and transpressional belt in central Iran: The Central Basin Qom-Saveh area. Geosphere 5:325–362
Moritz R, Melkonyan R, Selby D, Popkhadze N, Gugushvili V, Tayan R, Ramazanov V (2016) Metallogeny of the Lesser Caucasus: from arc construction to post-collision evolution. Spec Publ Soc Econ Geol 19:157–192
NICICO (2009a) Geology of Haftcheshmeh deposit in NW Iran. Natl Iran Copp Co 302:430
NICICO (2009b) Geology and drilling report of the Masjed Daghi area. Natl Iran Copp Co 243:115
PKC (2000) Geology report of the Masjed Daghi area. Pichab Kavosh Co 195:110
Perelló J, Carlotto V, Zarate A, Ramos P, Posso H, Neyra C, Caballero A, Fuster N, Muhr R (2003) Porphyrystyle alteration and mineralization of the middle Eocene to early Oligocene Andahuaylas-Yauri belt, Cuzco region, Peru. Econ Geol 98:1575–1606
Pouchou JL, Pichior F (1991) Quantitative analysis of homogeneous or stratified microvolumes applying the model ̔PAP ̓. Heinrich KFJ, Newbury DE (edrs): Electron probe quantitation. Plenum Press, New York, pp 3–175
Pournik P (2006) Detailed exploration in Sharafabad Hizehjan gold district (Mazra e Shadi mineralization). Northwest Varzaghan Geol Surv Iran 213:130
Pudak C, Halter WE, Heinrich CA, Pettke T (2009) Evolution of magmatic vapor to goldrich epithermal liquid: The porphyry to epithermal transition at Nevados de Famatina, Northwest Argentina. Econ Geol 104:449–477
Rezaeian M, Carter A, Hoviu N, Allen MB (2012) Cenozoic exhumation history of the Alborz Mountain, Iran: New constrain from low-temperature chronology. Tectonics 31:1–20
Richard JP (2015) Tectonic, magmatic, and metallogenic evolution of the Tethyan orogen: From subduction to collision. Ore Geol Rev 70:323–345
Seward TM (1973) Thio complexes of gold and the transit of gold in hydrothermal ore solutions. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 37:370–399
Shafiei B, Haschke M, Shahabpour J (2009) Recycling of orogenic arc crust triggers porphyry Cu mineralization in Kerman Cenozoic arc rocks, southeastern Iran. Mineral Deposita 44:265–283
Shepherd T, Rankin AH, Alderton DHM (1985) A practical guide to fluid inclusion studies. Blackie, London, p 239
Sillitoe HR (1973) Geology of the Los Pelambres porphyry copper deposit, Chile. Econ Geol 68:1–10
Sillitoe HR, Hedenquist HW (2003) Linkage between volcano tectonic settings, ore fluid compassions, and epithermal precious metal deposits. Soc Econ Geol Spec Publ 10:315–343
Sillitoe R, Tolman J, Kerkvoort GV (2013) Geology of the Caspiche porphyry gold-copper deposit, Maricunga Belt, Northern Chile. Econ Geol 108:585–604
Simmons SF, Christenson BC (1994) Origins of calcite in a boiling geothermal system. Am J Sci 295:361–400
Tarkian M, Hunken U, Tokmakchieva M, Bogdanov K (2003) Precious-metal distribution and fluid inclusion petrography of the Elatsite porphyry copper deposit, Bulgaria. Mineral Deposita 38:261–281
Verdal C, Wernicke BP, Hassanzadeh J, Guest B (2011) A Paleogene extensional arc flare up in Iran. Tectonics 30:1–20
Whitney DL, Evans BW (2010) Abbreviation for names of rock forming minerals. Am Mineral 95:185–187
Yasami N, Ghaderi M, Madanipour S, Taghilou B (2017) Structural control on overprinting high-sulfidation epithermal on porphyry mineralization in the Chadorchay deposit, northwestern Iran. Ore Geol Rev 86:212–224
Yasami N, Ghaderi M (2019) Distribution of alteration, mineralization and fluid inclusion features in porphyry high-sulfidation epithermal systems: The Chodarchay example, NW Iran. Ore Geol Rev 104:227–245
Yigit O (2006) Gold in Turkey a missing link in Tethyan metallogeny. Ore Geol Rev 28:147–179
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to B. Borna from the Geological Survey of Iran and National Iranian Copper Company for access to the drill cores and useful data. We thank P. Wickham, P. Middlestead and W. Abdi at GG-Hatch stable isotope laboratories, University of Ottawa, for sulfur isotope analysis. Financial support for the work was supplied by a research grant to S. Ebrahimi from Shahrood University of Technology and a Discovery Grant to Y. Pan from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
Funding
Financial support for this work was provided by a research grant to S. Ebrahimi from Shahrood University of Technology and a Discovery Grant to Y. Pan from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
SE and YP conceived, designed and carried out the research. SE drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to data interpretation, discussion, and revision of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Editorial handling: L. Danyushevsky
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Appendices
Appendix 1
Summary of fluid inclusion population, mineral and alteration assemblage from various vein stages mineralization of the Masjed Daghi porphyry (this study) and epithermal (Ebrahimi et al. 2017) systems.
Drill hole number, depth (m) and mineralization stage | Mineral | Alteration assemblage | P/PS | Type | Tm ice (°C) | Tm sylvite | Tm halite | Th range (°C) low/mean/high (number) | Salinity wt% NaCl equiv |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(°C) | (°C) | ||||||||
Porphyry system | |||||||||
P-Bh4-520 (stage ΙΙ) | Qz | Potassic | P | HS1 | 385 | 550 | 45.8 | ||
" | " | " | HS1 | 264 | 330 | 30.2 | |||
" | " | " | V | -3.4 | 331 | 5.5 | |||
P-Bh15-458 (stage ΙΙ) | Qz | Potassic | P | HS1 | 585–592 | 585–600 (2) | 71.8–72.8 | ||
" | " | P | HS1 | 372/585/590 | 595/597/598 (3) | 41.7 to 72.5 | |||
" | " | P | HS1 | 527–553 | 346–378 (2) | 63.5–67.2 | |||
" | " | P | V | -0.2, -3.1 | 220–275(2) | 0.3–5 | |||
" | " | PS | V | -12.7,-14.3 | 158–184 (2) | 16.6–18.2 | |||
P-Bh1-333.4 (stage ΙΙ) | Qz | Potassic | P | HS1 | 284–375 | 559–589(3) | 36.9–44.8 | ||
" | " | P | HS1 | 295–419 | 476–484 (2) | 37.8–49.1 | |||
" | " | PS | HS1 | 335 | 415 | 41 | |||
" | " | P | V | -20 | 318 | 22.3 | |||
P | V | -2.5 | 225 | 4 | |||||
P-Bh8-510 (stage ΙΙ) | Qz | Potassic | P | HS1 | 470/561/600 | 561/580/595 (3) | 55.7/68/73.9 | ||
" | " | P | HS1 | 324–569 | 589–598 (2) | 40–69.4 | |||
" | " | PS | HS1 | 364–384 | 456–498 (2) | 43.7–45.7 | |||
" | " | PS | V | -03.4/-3.8/-4 | 188/215/236 (3) | 5.5–6.1/6.7 | |||
P-Bh13-418.2 (stage ΙΙ) | Qz | Potassic | P | HS1 | 453 | 486 | 53.6 | ||
" | " | P | HS1 | 405–440 | 533–586(2) | 43.1–47.9 | |||
" | " | P | HS1 | 295–395 | 515/546 (2) | 37.7–48.9 | |||
P-Bh15-454 (stage ΙΙ) | Qz | Potassic | P | HS1 | 196 | 312–386 | 305–348(2) | 39.1–45.9 | |
" | " | P | HS1 | 321–344 | 564–583(2) | 39.8–41.8 | |||
" | " | P | HS1 | 352 | 412 | 42.5 | |||
" | " | P | HS1 | 210–245 | 525–582 | 591–600(2) | 63.2–71.3 | ||
" | " | P | V | -4.2,-5.8 | 211–218 (2) | 6.6–8.9 | |||
" | " | P | V | -18,-18.5 | 288–314(2) | 20.9–21.3 | |||
" | " | P | V | -6.5,-8.5 | 285–296 (2) | 9.8–12.4 | |||
P-Bh11-447 (stage ΙΙ) | Qz | Potassic | P | HS1 | 595 | 424 | 73.2 | ||
" | " | P | HS1 | 344 | 344 | 41.8 | |||
" | " | P | V | 311 | 11.4 | ||||
P-Bh-8–572 (stage ΙΙ-ΙΙΙ) | Qz | Phyllic | P | HS1 | 590–595 | 597–598(2) | 72.5–73.5 | ||
Anh | " | P | HS2 | 385 | 273 | 45.8 | |||
Qz | " | P | HS2 | 168–470 | 372–379 (2) | 30.4–55.7 | |||
" | " | P | HS1 | 525 | 482 | 63.2 | |||
Qz | " | PS | HS2 | 276 | 252 | 36.4 | |||
Anh | " | P | V | -6.9 | 206 | 10.3 | |||
P-Bh11-473.4 (stage ΙΙ-ΙΙΙ) | Qz | Phyllic | P | HS1 | 155 | 477 | 590 | 56.6 | |
Qz | " | P | HS1 | 114 | 545–595 | 521–528 (2) | 59–60 | ||
Anh | " | P | HS2 | 472 | 223 | 34.1 | |||
Qz | " | P | HS2 | 124 | 341–355 | 456–466 (2) | 41.5–42.8 | ||
P-Bh4-306 (stage ΙΙ- ΙΙΙ) | Anh | Phyllic | P | HS2 | 283 | 192 | 37 | ||
Qz | " | p | HS1 | 396 | 578 | 47 | |||
" | " | P | HS1 | 461–469 | 585–590 (2) | 54.6–64.5 | |||
" | " | P | HS2 | 197–267 | 234–287 (2) | 35.1–31.2 | |||
" | " | P | HS2 | 181–195 | 242–245(2) | 30.9 -31.6 | |||
" | " | PS | HS2 | 251–254 | 314–316 (2) | 20.6 -34.9 | |||
Anh | " | P | V | -5.4 | 283 | 206 | 8.3 | ||
Qz | " | P | V | -5.4,-8.6 | 207–259 (2) | 8.3–12.4 | |||
" | " | P | V | -17.5,-20 | 295–304 | 20.6–22.3 | |||
P-Bh8-487 (stage ΙΙΙ) | Qz | Phyllic | P | HS2 | 420 | 213 | 49.6 | ||
" | " | PS | HS2 | 430–466 | 202–224 (2) | 50.8–55.3 | |||
" | " | P | HS2 | 264–309 | 305–386 (2) | 35.6–39.3 | |||
P-Bh9-600 (stage ΙΙΙ) | Anh | Phyllic | P | HS2 | 396 | 292 | 47 | ||
" | " | P | V | -6.7 | 122 | 10.1 | |||
P-Bh11-287 (stage ΙV) | Qz | Phyllic | P | HS2 | 218 | 250 | 32.8 | ||
" | " | P | V | -2.5,-4.6 | 203 | 7.2 | |||
P-Bh1-326 (stage ΙV) | Qz | Phyllic | P | HS2 | 433–442 | 308–340(2) | 51.2–52.2 | ||
" | " | P | HS2 | 496 | 436 | 59.2 | |||
" | " | P | V | -4.6,-5.1 | 210–242 (2) | 7.5–7.9 | |||
" | " | P | V | -1.8,-3.4 | 180–190 (2) | 3–5.4 | |||
" | " | P | V | -6.5,-18.1 | 248/294(2) | 10–21 | |||
Epithermal system | |||||||||
V3-Bh3-37 | Qz | Silicic | P | L | -1.2,-9 | 148/206/298(37) | 2 to 12.8 | ||
V3-Bh3-38 | Qz | " | P/PS | L | -1.1,-5.2 | 123/182/258(36) | 1.9 to 8.1 | ||
V3-Bh3-64 | Sp | " | P | L | -1.1,-7.6 | 112/174/218(42) | 1.9 to 11.2 | ||
V3-Bh3-91 | Sp | " | P | L | -1.9,-3.1 | 129/135/141(6) | 3.2 to 5.1 | ||
Appendix 2
Microprobe analysis of pyrite (Py) and sphalerite (Sp) minerals from the vein type Masjed Daghi deposit, samples are from V3 Vein (in wt%). Detection limit for elements (Fe = 0.04, Cu = 0.01, Zn = 0.01, Ag = 0.002, Cd = 0.01, Sb = 0.002, Au = 0.002, As = 0.05, S = 0.05 wt%). bdl = below detection limit.
Sample/Mineral | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ag | Cd | Sb | Au | As | S | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D4/Py | 46.59 | 0.07 | bdl | bdl | 0.03 | bdl | 0.10 | bdl | 0.04 | bdl | 52.97 | 99.81 |
“ | 39.94 | 0.06 | bdl | bdl | 0.01 | bdl | 0.41 | 0.05 | 0.03 | bdl | 47.75 | 88.26 |
“ | 46.57 | 0.04 | bdl | 0.02 | 0.50 | bdl | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | bdl | 53.76 | 100.98 |
“ | 46.56 | 0.05 | 0.06 | bdl | bdl | bdl | 0.15 | bdl | bdl | bdl | 53.05 | 99.88 |
“ | 46.52 | 0.04 | bdl | 0.02 | 0.04 | bdl | 0.01 | bdl | bdl | 2.76 | 49.62 | 99.01 |
“ | 47.07 | 0.06 | bdl | 0.02 | bdl | bdl | bdl | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.17 | 53.08 | 100.45 |
“ | 47.94 | 0.06 | bdl | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.08 | bdl | 0.06 | 0.01 | bdl | 52.12 | 100.33 |
“ | 46.49 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.06 | bdl | bdl | 0.09 | bdl | bdl | 3.26 | 51.46 | 101.46 |
“ | 47.08 | 0.05 | 0.01 | bdl | 0.03 | bdl | 0.13 | bdl | 0.02 | bdl | 53.17 | 100.49 |
D4/Sp | 0.62 | 0.01 | 0.01 | bdl | 66.72 | bdl | 0.39 | bdl | bdl | bdl | 32.51 | 100.26 |
“ | 0.97 | bdl | 0.02 | bdl | 65.92 | bdl | 0.29 | bdl | bdl | bdl | 33.13 | 100.35 |
D3/Py | 46.67 | 0.09 | bdl | 0.04 | 0.02 | bdl | 0.11 | bdl | 0.02 | 2.30 | 50.29 | 99.56 |
“ | 47.32 | 0.06 | bdl | 0.02 | 0.06 | bdl | bdl | bdl | bdl | 0.30 | 53.11 | 100.93 |
“ | 47.35 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.03 | bdl | 0.05 | bdl | 0.01 | bdl | 53.76 | 101.31 |
“ | 47.00 | 0.03 | bdl | 0.01 | 0.02 | bdl | bdl | bdl | 0.03 | bdl | 51.16 | 98.26 |
“ | 47.31 | bdl | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | bdl | bdl | bdl | 0.05 | bdl | 52.33 | 99.77 |
D3/Sp | 1.33 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.41 | 64.33 | bdl | 0.31 | 0.08 | 0.02 | bdl | 31.87 | 98.37 |
“ | 3.11 | bdl | 0.01 | 0.32 | 62.35 | bdl | 0.71 | 0.15 | bdl | bdl | 32.25 | 98.91 |
“ | 6.23 | 0.03 | bdl | 0.45 | 58.74 | 0.53 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.17 | bdl | 31.90 | 98.15 |
“ | 1.37 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.56 | 65.90 | 0.01 | 0.46 | bdl | 0.03 | bdl | 32.09 | 100.47 |
“ | 0.45 | bdl | bdl | 0.04 | 67.07 | 0.11 | 0.36 | bdl | 0.02 | bdl | 32.25 | 100.30 |
“ | 1.07 | bdl | bdl | 0.25 | 64.63 | 0.15 | 0.16 | bdl | bdl | bdl | 32.05 | 98.32 |
“ | 8.70 | 0.05 | bdl | 0.26 | 55.88 | 0.58 | 0.57 | 0.02 | bdl | bdl | 32.19 | 98.25 |
“ | 5.26 | 0.01 | bdl | bdl | 60.26 | 0.19 | 0.56 | bdl | bdl | bdl | 32.25 | 98.60 |
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ebrahimi, S., Pan, Y. & Rezaeian, M. Origin and evolution of the Masjed Daghi Cu-Au-Mo porphyry and gold epithermal vein system, NW Iran: constraints from fluid inclusions and sulfur isotope studies. Miner Petrol 115, 643–662 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-021-00761-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-021-00761-z