Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) are small, non-enveloped and single-stranded DNA viruses, taxonomically classifiable within the family Parvoviridae. Seven PPV genotypes (PPV1 to PPV7) have been identified to date. PPV7, the most recently discovered PPV genotype, was first reported in US pigs in 2016. To explore PPV7 status in Chinese pig populations a total of 64 serum samples collected from two commercial farms in Guangdong province in 2014 were analyzed. PPV7 DNA was detected in 32.8% (21/64) of tested samples. On the porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) positive farm, the prevalence rate of PPV7 was 65.5% (19/29) which was significantly higher than that on the PCV2 negative farm (2/35, 5.7%), indicating a possible association between PCV2 and PPV7 infections. The sequences of three PPV7 strains were determined. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the identified PPV7 strains circulating in China shared 98.7%-99.7% nucleotide homology with the US strain. Further sequence comparison analysis indicated that GD-2014-2 and GD-2014-3 possess a consecutive 9-nt deletion in the VP gene. This is the first report of the existence of PPV7 in China and this finding will strengthen understanding of the epidemiology of porcine parvovirus in Chinese pigs.
References
Streck AF, Homeier T, Foerster T, Fischer S, Truyen U (2013) Analysis of porcine parvoviruses in tonsils and hearts from healthy pigs reveals high prevalence and genetic diversity in Germany. Arch Virol 158:1173–1180
Ren X, Tao Y, Cui J, Suo S, Cong Y, Tijssen P (2013) Phylogeny and evolution of porcine parvovirus. Virus Res 178:392–397
Streck AF, Canal CW, Truyen U (2015) Molecular epidemiology and evolution of porcine parvoviruses. Infect Genet Evol 36:300–306
Palinski RM, Mitra N, Hause BM (2016) Discovery of a novel Parvovirinae virus, porcine parvovirus 7, by metagenomic sequencing of porcine rectal swabs. Virus Genes 52:564–567
Mayr A, Mahnel H (1964) Cultivation of hog cholera virus in pig kidney cultures with cytopathogenic effect. Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig 195:157–166
Mayr A, Bachmann PA, Siegl G, Mahnel H, Sheffy BE (1968) Characterization of a small porcine DNA virus. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 25:38–51
Hueffer K, Parrish CR (2003) Parvovirus host range, cell tropism and evolution. Curr Opin Microbiol 6:392–398
Mengeling WL, Lager KM, Vorwald AC (2000) The effect of porcine parvovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on porcine reproductive performance. Anim Reprod Sci 60–61:199–210
Fenaux M, Halbur PG, Gill M, Toth TE, Meng XJ (2000) Genetic characterization of type 2 porcine circovirus (PCV-2) from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in different geographic regions of North America and development of a differential PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay to detect and differentiate between infections with PCV-1 and PCV-2. J Clin Microbiol 38:2494–2503
Zhao K, Han F, Zou Y, Zhu L, Li C, Xu Y, Zhang C, Tan F, Wang J, Tao S, He X, Zhou Z, Tang X (2010) Rapid detection of porcine circovirus type 2 using a TaqMan-based real-time PCR. Virol J 7:374
Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K (2016) MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol 33:1870–1874
Cui J, Fan J, Gerber PF, Biernacka K, Stadejek T, Xiao CT, Opriessnig T (2017) First identification of porcine parvovirus 6 in Poland. Virus Genes 53:100–104
Xiao CT, Giménez-Lirola LG, Jiang YH, Halbur PG, Opriessnig T (2013) Characterization of a novel porcine parvovirus tentatively designated PPV5. PLoS One 8:e65312
Shackelton LA, Hoelzer K, Parrish CR, Holmes EC (2007) Comparative analysis reveals frequent recombination in the parvoviruses. J Gen Virol 88:3294–3301
Boni MF, de Jong MD, van Doorn HR, Holmes EC (2010) Guidelines for identifying homologous recombination events in influenza A virus. PLoS One 5:e10434
Opriessnig T, Meng XJ, Halbur PG (2007) Porcine circovirus type 2 associated disease: update on current terminology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and intervention strategies. J Vet Diagn Investig 19:591–615
Opriessnig T, Xiao CT, Gerber PF, Halbur PG (2014) Identification of recently described porcine parvoviruses in archived North American samples from 1996 and association with porcine circovirus associated disease. Vet Microbiol 173:9–16
Opriessnig T, Fenaux M, Yu S, Evans RB, Cavanaugh D, Gallup JM, Pallares FJ, Thacker EL, Lager KM, Meng XJ, Halbur PG (2004) Effect of porcine parvovirus vaccination on the development of PMWS in segregated early weaned pigs coinfected with type 2 porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus. Vet Microbiol 98:209–220
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Funding
This study was funded by the Nation Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 3172564), the Public Welfare Special Funds for Agriculture Scientific Research (Grant no. 201203039) and the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (Grant no. CARS-35).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests and conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants.
Additional information
Handling Editor: Sheela Ramamoorthy.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xing, X., Zhou, H., Tong, L. et al. First identification of porcine parvovirus 7 in China. Arch Virol 163, 209–213 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3585-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3585-9