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Phylogenetic analysis of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Afghanistan (2016-2017)

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Abstract

Avian influenza A virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 is the most prevalent subtype found in terrestrial poultry throughout Eurasia and has been isolated from poultry outbreaks worldwide. Tracheal tissue specimens from 100 commercial broiler flocks in Afghanistan were collected between 2016 and 2017. After real-time RT-PCR, AI-positive samples were further characterized. A part of the HA gene was amplified using RT-PCR and sequenced. The results of real-time RT-PCR showed that 40 percent of the flocks were AI positive. Phylogenetic studies showed that these H9N2 AIVs grouped within the Eurasian-lineage G1 AIVs and had a correlation with H9N2 AIV circulating in the poultry population of the neighboring countries over the past decade. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of HA revealed that the detected H9N2 viruses possessed molecular profiles suggestive of low pathogenicity and specificity for the avian-like SAα2,3 receptor, demonstrating their specificity for and adaptation to domestic poultry. The results of the current study provide great insights into H9N2 viruses circulating in Afghanistan’s poultry industry and demonstrate the necessity of planning an applied policy aimed at controlling and managing H9N2 infection in Afghan poultry.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Ghalyanchi lab experts (Mr. Behrooz Asadi and Mr. Ahmad Vahedi) for their technical support. We also gratefully acknowledge Dr. Valastro (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie) for proving the sequences in GISAID used in the phylogenetic tree, and (GISAID: gisaid.org) for providing us as well as other researchers with the data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Alborz, Iran

    Hossein Hosseini

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi

  3. Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi

  4. Faculty of Veterinary Science, Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan

    Mohammad Saeed Sediqian

  5. Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Arzhang Shayeganmehr

  6. Iranian Veterinary Organization, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Ali Ghafouri, Hossein Maghsoudloo, Hamed Abdollahi & Reza KH Farahani

Authors
  1. Hossein Hosseini
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  2. Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi
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  3. Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi
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  4. Mohammad Saeed Sediqian
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  5. Arzhang Shayeganmehr
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  6. Seyed Ali Ghafouri
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  7. Hossein Maghsoudloo
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  8. Hamed Abdollahi
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  9. Reza KH Farahani
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi.

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All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

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Hosseini, H., Ghalyanchilangeroudi, A., Fallah Mehrabadi, M.H. et al. Phylogenetic analysis of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Afghanistan (2016-2017). Arch Virol 162, 3161–3165 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3474-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3474-2

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