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HIV-1 genetic diversity and transmitted drug resistance frequency among Iranian treatment-naive, sexually infected individuals

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Abstract

In recent years, the patterns of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) transmission in Iran have been changing gradually from drug injection to unprotected sexual contact. This study sought to investigate the phylogenetic trends and characteristics of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) mutations of HIV-1 in a population that is mainly infected through homo/heterosexual contacts. Sixty newly diagnosed antiretroviral-naive individuals with HIV infection living in Tehran were recruited to this survey, and among them, 42 subjects were established to be infected through sexual intercourse. Following amplification and sequencing of the main part of the HIV-1 pol region, phylogenetic and drug-resistance mutation (DRM) analysis was successfully performed on these 42 patients. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the majority of the subjects were infected with subtype CRF35_AD (88%), followed by subtype B, with 7.1%, and subtype CRF01_AE, with 4.7%. A total of 7.1% of the subjects were found to be infected with HIV-1 variants with surveillance drug-resistant mutations (SDRMs) according to the last world health organisation (WHO) algorithm. All of the identified SDRMs belonged to the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) class, including K103 N and V106A, which were found in three patients. Two minor HIV protease-inhibitor-related mutations (L10I and G73S) were detected in two patients, but these mutations are not included in the WHO SDRMs list. The dominance of HIV-1 subtype CRF35_AD was observed among subjects of this study who were infected through sexual contact. The moderate prevalence of SDRMs (7.1%) in this population emphasises the fact that the risk of treatment failure in HIV-infected individuals might increase in the future, and preventive measures should be considered by health authorities.

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank all of the candidates who generously enrolled in the present study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Lab Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences;, Tehran, Iran

    Rouhollah Vahabpour

  2. Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Farah Bokharaei-Salim, Seyed Hamidreza Monavari, Maryam Esghaei & Hossein Keyvani

  3. HIV Laboratory of National Center, Deputy of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Farah Bokharaei-Salim & Saba Garshasbi

  4. Departments of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Saeed Kalantari

  5. Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran

    Arash Memarnejadian

  6. Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Atousa Fakhim

Authors
  1. Rouhollah Vahabpour
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  2. Farah Bokharaei-Salim
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  3. Saeed Kalantari
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  4. Saba Garshasbi
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  5. Seyed Hamidreza Monavari
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  6. Maryam Esghaei
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  7. Arash Memarnejadian
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  8. Atousa Fakhim
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  9. Hossein Keyvani
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Farah Bokharaei-Salim.

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Conflict of interest

The authors of the current study declare no conflict(s) of interest.

Ethical approval

The ethical approval of the present research was received from the Ethics Committee of the Iran University of Medical Sciences (No. 4495 at 2015-09-22) before starting this study.

Funding/support

This research was supported by Research Deputy of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Grant Number 26434.

Informed consent

All individuals in the study population were informed about the current study, with a written consent form taken from each before her or his enrolment in the present study.

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Vahabpour, R., Bokharaei-Salim, F., Kalantari, S. et al. HIV-1 genetic diversity and transmitted drug resistance frequency among Iranian treatment-naive, sexually infected individuals. Arch Virol 162, 1477–1485 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3228-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3228-1

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