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Mitigation of climate change impact using green wall and green roof strategies: comparison between two different climate regions in Iran

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Abstract

An increase in energy demand and consumption is one of the significant challenges of the world community. Global climate change and temperature rise can significantly affect energy demand, especially in the building sector. Green passive design strategies (GPDS) such as green roof and green wall are considered a passive energy-saving technology which can deal with further climate change in near future. This paper compares the energy demand and CO2 emissions of a building with different structural scenarios during the current (2000–2019) and future climatic conditions (the 2050s) in two hot-dry (Kerman) and hot-humid (BandarAbbas) climate samples in Iran. The base case, green roof, and green wall modeling of the selected building have been developed by DesignBuilder software. Results revealed that 61% of the annual energy consumption of Kerman is related to the heating sector, while it will be changed to 47% under the effect of climate change and based on RCP2.6. However, 99% of the annual energy consumption of BandarAbbas belongs to cooling demand and it will not change by 2050s. Also, the maximum heating and cooling energy demand were calculated for the base building. Based on the results, green wall has more efficiency in optimizing total energy consumption compared to green roof in both climate types. On the other hand, GPDS are more efficient to optimize heating energy demand in comparison with cooling energy demand. Furthermore, the green wall strategy has better performance in reducing CO2 emissions as well. Accordingly, CO2 emissions reduce in Kerman by 2.73% and 2.93% by the implementation of the green wall during the observation period and 2050s, respectively. Meanwhile, this strategy can reduce CO2 emissions by only 1% per year in BandarAbbas during all studied periods.

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Data availability

The meteorological weather station data is available at Iran’s Meteorological Organization (IMO). Furthermore, different green passive design strategies (GPDS) such as green roof and green wall are used by Design Builder model. The energy demand and CO2 emissions of a building with different structural scenarios during the current (2000–2019) and future climatic conditions (the 2050s) in two Hot-Dry (Kerman) and Hot-Humid (BandarAbbas) climate samples in Iran is simulated.

Code availability

Not applicable.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Iran Meteorological Organization for providing the meteorological data.

Funding

The authors’ work was partially supported by the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) under grant No. 99000532.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran

    Gholamreza Roshan

  2. Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Masoumeh Moghbel

  3. Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran

    Mohammad Farrokhzad

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  1. Gholamreza Roshan
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  2. Masoumeh Moghbel
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  3. Mohammad Farrokhzad
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by GRR and MF. GRR and MM verified the analytical methods. MF and GRR carried out the model experiment. The first draft of the manuscript was written by MM, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mohammad Farrokhzad.

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Roshan, G., Moghbel, M. & Farrokhzad, M. Mitigation of climate change impact using green wall and green roof strategies: comparison between two different climate regions in Iran. Theor Appl Climatol 150, 167–184 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-022-04146-w

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