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Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric determination of Cd and Pb at a bismuth glassy carbon electrode modified with Nafion, poly(2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes

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Abstract

Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry was applied to detect Pb2+ and Cd2+ at a glassy carbon electrode modified with Nafion, poly(2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole) (PDMcT), and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Preconcentration was accomplished at −1.0 V vs. SCE in pH 5 buffer containing 400 μg L−1 Bi3+ for 6 min and resulted in high sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies revealed that PDMcT is cleaved under the reductive conditions to form thiol groups that bind Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions, whilst the Nafion binder stabilizes the film and the MWCNTs improve electroactivity. The presence of the bismuth film improves sensitivity and reproducibility. Under optimum conditions, the electrode responds linearly to Cd2+ ions in the concentration range from 0.05 to 20 μg L−1, and to Pb2+ from 0.1 to 22 μg L−1. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) are 0.03 and 0.05 μg L−1, respectively. This method was successfully applied to the determination of the two ions in water samples.

Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry was applied to detect Cd2+ and Pb2+ at a glassy carbon electrode modified with Nafion, poly(2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole) (PDMcT), and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and limits of detection of 0.03 (Cd2+) and 0.05 (Pb2+) μg L−1 were obtained. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance is used for the process studies

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21075036, 90713018, 20875029), the State Special Scientific Project on Water Treatment (2009ZX07212-001-06), the Foundations of Hunan Provincial Education Department (05K009) and State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics (200902).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China

    Xiuhui He, Zhaohong Su, Qingji Xie, Chao Chen, Yingchun Fu, Li Chen, Ying Liu, Ming Ma, Le Deng & Shouzhuo Yao

  2. Environmental Monitoring Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410004, China

    Dilan Qin & Yueping Luo

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  1. Xiuhui He
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Correspondence to Qingji Xie.

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He, X., Su, Z., Xie, Q. et al. Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric determination of Cd and Pb at a bismuth glassy carbon electrode modified with Nafion, poly(2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Microchim Acta 173, 95–102 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-010-0541-8

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