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Axial plane characteristics of thoracic scoliosis and their usefulness for determining the fusion levels and the correction technique

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Abstract

Purpose

There is insufficient information regarding axial plane characteristics of scoliosis despite its 3D nature. The posterior–anterior vertebral vector (VV) has been proposed to characterize the axial plane appearances of the thoracic scoliosis. This study aimed to highlight the importance of knowledge of axial plane features when determining fusion levels and correction techniques of thoracic curves.

Methods

Altogether, 233 thoracic curves were analyzed using the VV after proving its usability instead of 3D angles to determine axial plane parameters such as apical vertebral (APV) axial rotations, APV lateral displacement, and intervertebral rotations (IVR). K-means clustering and regression analysis were used to identify axial plane curve patterns and determine the relationship between the coronal angles and axial plane characteristics, respectively.

Results

A close correlation was found between 3D angles and VV projected angles. Eight axial plane clusters were distinct, exhibiting different lateral APV displacement toward the interacetabular axis with relatively small axial rotations and a simultaneous decrease in sagittal curves. The regression analysis showed that the correlation of coronal curve magnitude was significantly stronger (r = 0.78) with APV lateral translation than with APV axial rotation (r = 0.65).

Conclusion

Based on these findings, the primary goal of scoliosis correction should focus on minimizing lateral translation rather than eliminating axial rotation. Knowing the IVR in the axial plane helps accurately determine the limits of the structural curves. VV-based axial views can facilitate the accurate determination of the end vertebrae and selection of the appropriate correction technique of the curve.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge Editage for language editing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Brugmann University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Place Van Gehuchten 4, 1020, Brussels, Belgium

    Tamás S. Illés & Pieter Reynders

  2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

    Tamás S. Illés & Stig M. Jespersen

  3. National Medical Academy, Paris, France

    Tamás S. Illés & Jean F. Dubousset

  4. Lorraine Research Laboratory in Computer Science and Its Applications (LORIA – CNRS), University of Lorraine, Nancy, France

    Fabien Lauer

  5. Department Ortho-Spine, Polyclinique Bordeaux Nord Aquitaine, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France

    Jean Charles Le Huec

Authors
  1. Tamás S. Illés
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  2. Stig M. Jespersen
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  3. Pieter Reynders
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  4. Fabien Lauer
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  5. Jean Charles Le Huec
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  6. Jean F. Dubousset
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Correspondence to Tamás S. Illés.

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Conflict of interest

Tamás S. Illés, Stig M. Jespersen, Pieter Reynders, Fabien Lauer declare that they have no conflict of interest. Jean Charles Le Huec: Consultancy: Medtronic; Tavel/accommodations/meeting expenses: Safeortho. Jean F. Dubousset: Licence: Medtronic, France.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Clinical trial.gov registration number: NCT03418987.

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Illés, T.S., Jespersen, S.M., Reynders, P. et al. Axial plane characteristics of thoracic scoliosis and their usefulness for determining the fusion levels and the correction technique. Eur Spine J 29, 2000–2009 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-020-06390-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-020-06390-y

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