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Assessing the possible causes of hemolytic anemia associated with lumpy skin disease naturally infected buffaloes

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Abstract

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an acute viral disease caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) of the Poxviridae family. LSD is characterized by lumps covering most parts of the body. Few approaches have been developed for LSD in water buffaloes; thus, the relationship between the hematological and biochemical characteristics of this disease was executed out. From July 2014 to November 2016, 608 female non-pregnant lactating buffaloes during an outbreak of LSD in Egypt were thoroughly examined. LSD morbidity rate was 1.97% (12 buffaloes) without recorded mortality. Infected buffaloes manifest fever, anorexia, and an efflorescence of different sized skin lumps that range from a few to multiple lesions. Blood samples were obtained at first day and 3 weeks post-outcrop of the skin lumps. Skin examinations showed the presence of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Erythrogram from buffaloes infected with LSD revealed non-significant alterations during the early disease stages, whereas hemolytic anemia was obvious in the later stages. Biochemical analyses revealed the occurrence of hypophosphatemia with an imbalance in the oxidant anti-oxidant status, a raise of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and excess of liver, heart, and kidney markers. This study concluded that buffaloes show limited susceptibility to LSD, although the presence of hypophosphatemia could exaggerate hemolytic anemia under an oxidant-anti-oxidant imbalance and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines.

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Acknowledgements

Grateful thanks to Prof. and Chief Dr. Abdel-Moneim A. Ali, Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty at Zagazig University, for his effort in reading the skin lump slides. Also many thank to Renee F. the Senior Editor of Springer Nature Author Services for his help in editing and grammar correction of this paper by cooperation with Egyptian Knowledge Bank.

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  1. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 1 Alzeraa Street, Zagazig City, Sharkia Province, 44511, Egypt

    Ahmed N. F. Neamat-Allah & Essam A. Mahmoud

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  1. Ahmed N. F. Neamat-Allah
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  2. Essam A. Mahmoud
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Correspondence to Ahmed N. F. Neamat-Allah.

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Neamat-Allah, A.N.F., Mahmoud, E.A. Assessing the possible causes of hemolytic anemia associated with lumpy skin disease naturally infected buffaloes. Comp Clin Pathol 28, 747–753 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-019-02952-9

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