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Dental mesenchymal stem cells and neuro-regeneration: a focus on spinal cord injury

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Abstract

Regenerative medicine is a branch of translational research that aims to reestablish irreparably damaged tissues and organs by stimulating the body’s own repair mechanisms via the implantation of stem cells differentiated into specialized cell types. A rich source of adult stem cells is located inside the tooth and is represented by human dental pulp stem cells, or hDPSCs. These cells are characterized by a high proliferative rate, have self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation properties and are often used for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The present review will provide an overview of hDPSCs and related features with a special focus on their potential applications in regenerative medicine of the nervous system, such as, for example, after spinal cord injury. Recent advances in the identification and characterization of dental stem cells and in dental tissue engineering strategies suggest that bioengineering approaches may successfully be used to regenerate districts of the central nervous system, previously considered irreparable.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Bruno Failla (Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy) for the recruitment of the biological material and Cristina Calì, Alfia Corsino, Maria Patrizia D’Angelo and Francesco Marino for their administrative and technical assistance.

Funding

This work was supported by a grant (CIP 2014.IT.05.SFOP.014/3/10.4/9.2.10/0008) from the European Social Fund operational programme for the Sicily region (Italy) "Development and application of biosensoristic technologies in genomics".

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Italian National Research Council, Catania, Italy

    Gabriele Bonaventura, Rosario Iemmolo, Valentina La Cognata, Rosalia Pellitteri & Sebastiano Cavallaro

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

    Salvatore Incontro, Ignazio Barbagallo & Maria Luisa Barcellona

  3. Neurology Department, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy

    Erminio Costanzo

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  1. Gabriele Bonaventura
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  2. Salvatore Incontro
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Correspondence to Sebastiano Cavallaro.

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Bonaventura, G., Incontro, S., Iemmolo, R. et al. Dental mesenchymal stem cells and neuro-regeneration: a focus on spinal cord injury. Cell Tissue Res 379, 421–428 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-019-03109-4

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