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Physical regulation of stem cells differentiation into teno-lineage: current strategies and future direction

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Abstract

Tendon injuries are commonly encountered in the clinic, disrupting the patient’s normal work/life routine and damaging the career life of athletes. Currently, there is still no effective treatment for tendon injury. Tendon tissue engineering appears to be a promising route for tendon repair and regeneration. However, current strategies utilized in research are still far away from clinical applications due to unsuccessful cellular differentiation to tendon/tenocytes. In this review, we focus on the current physical strategies (mechanical stimulation and extracellular matrix topography) and evaluate their roles in precise and stepwise tendon differentiation. A systematic comprehension of normal tendon development process by structure, gene profile and physical microenvironment analysis is likely suggestive for stepwise tenocyte differentiation.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Haiyan Zhao for figure preparation. This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No.2012AA020503), the National Key Scientific Program (2012CB966604), NSFC grants (81330041, 81125014, 31271041, 81401781, 81201396, J1103603), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LR14H060001), Regenerative Medicine in Innovative Medical Subjects of Zhejiang Province, Medical and health science and technology plan of department of Health of Zhejiang Province (2013RCA010) and the Postdoctoral Foundation of China (2014M561775, 2014M551759).

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  1. Mailbox #39 Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Jia Lin Chen, Wei Zhang, Ze Yu Liu & Hong Wei Ouyang

  2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, China

    Jia Lin Chen, Wei Zhang, Ze Yu Liu & Hong Wei Ouyang

  3. Department of Biosystems Science & Engineering, ETH-Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland

    Boon Chin Heng

  4. Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

    Hong Wei Ouyang

  5. Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China

    Xue Song Dai

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  1. Jia Lin Chen
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Chen, J.L., Zhang, W., Liu, Z.Y. et al. Physical regulation of stem cells differentiation into teno-lineage: current strategies and future direction. Cell Tissue Res 360, 195–207 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-014-2077-4

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