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Human polyomavirus and human papillomavirus prevalence and viral load in non-malignant tonsillar tissue and tonsillar carcinoma

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Abstract

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are an acknowledged cause of a subset of oropharyngeal cancers, especially of tonsillar cancer. Similar to HPV, some human polyomaviruses (HPyVs), such as Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), have an oncogenic potential. Recently, several novel HPyVs have been discovered. The aim of our study was to determine viral DNA prevalence and viral DNA load of 13 different HPyVs in benign and malignant tonsillar tissue and to compare the data with those found for HPV. A total of 78 biopsies of palatine tonsils with a histologic diagnosis of non-malignant disease (chronic tonsillitis, tonsillar hyperplasia, n = 40) or tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (n = 38) were included in the study. HPyV DNA prevalence and viral load were determined by virus-specific quantitative real-time PCRs. JCPyV (1/40, 2.5%) and WUPyV (3/40, 7.5%) were only found in non-malignant tonsillar tissue. HPyV7 and HPyV10 were only detected in one (2.6%) and seven (18.4%) of the 38 cancer biopsies, respectively. Both MCPyV (8/38, 21.1 vs. 4/40, 10.0%) and HPyV6 (2/38, 5.3 vs. 1/40, 2.5%) were found more frequently in cancer samples than in non-malignant tissue, but the differences were not significant. BKPyV, KIPyV, TSPyV, HPyV9, STLPyV, HPyV12 and NJPyV were not discovered in any of the samples. HPyV loads found in HPyV DNA-positive biopsies were very low with no difference between non-malignant and malignant samples (median load <0.0001 HPyV DNA copies per beta-globin gene copy, respectively). In contrast to HPyV, high-risk HPV types (HPV16/HPV18) were found significantly more frequently in tonsillar cancers than in non-malignant tonsillar tissue (17/38, 44.7 vs. 2/40, 5.0%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, high-risk HPV DNA loads were significantly higher in the cancer compared to the non-malignant samples (median load 11.861 vs. 7 × 10−6 HPV DNA copies per beta-globin gene copy, p = 0.012). While both HPV and HPyV may persist in tonsillar tissue, our data on HPyV DNA prevalence and load do not support a role of HPyV in tonsillar carcinogenesis, neither alone nor as co-infecting agents of HPV.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Monika Junk and Nabila Ristow for excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Health (German National Reference Center for Papilloma- and Polyomaviruses, Grant No. 1369-401).

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  1. Stephan Herberhold

    Present address: ENT Department, Johanniter-Kliniken Bonn, Bonn, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ENT Department, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    Stephan Herberhold

  2. Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

    Martin Hellmich

  3. Institute for Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

    Marcus Panning

  4. Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    Eva Bartok

  5. Institute of Virology, National Reference Center for Papilloma- and Polyomaviruses, University of Cologne, Fürst-Pückler-Str. 56, 50935, Cologne, Germany

    Steffi Silling, Baki Akgül & Ulrike Wieland

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  1. Stephan Herberhold
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  2. Martin Hellmich
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  3. Marcus Panning
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Correspondence to Baki Akgül.

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Herberhold, S., Hellmich, M., Panning, M. et al. Human polyomavirus and human papillomavirus prevalence and viral load in non-malignant tonsillar tissue and tonsillar carcinoma. Med Microbiol Immunol 206, 93–103 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-016-0486-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-016-0486-6

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