Abstract
Main conclusion
During senescence, production of reactive oxygen species increased in thylakoids. In two barley varieties, no difference in superoxide production was observed while singlet oxygen production increased only in one variety.
Abstract
During senescence, chlorophyll content decreased and photosynthetic electron transport was inhibited as shown for flag leaves collected from barley varieties Lomerit and Carina grown in the field. Spin trapping electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used to investigate the production of reactive oxygen species in thylakoid membranes during senescence. EPR measurements were performed with specific spin traps to discriminate between singlet oxygen on one hand and reactive oxygen intermediates on the other hand. The results show that the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates increases in both varieties during senescence. Singlet oxygen increased only in the variety cv. Lomerit while it remained constant at a low level in the variety cv. Carina. Measurements in the presence of inhibitors of photosystem II and of the cytochrome b6f complex revealed that in senescing leaves reduction of oxygen at the acceptor side of photosystem I was the major, but not the only source of superoxide anions. This study shows that during senescence the production of individual reactive oxygen species varies in different barley varieties.
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Abbreviations
- Chl:
-
Chlorophyll
- DCMU:
-
3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea
- DNP-INT:
-
2-Iodo-2′,4′,4′-trinitro-3-methyl-6-isopropyl diphenyl ether
- EPR:
-
Electron paramagnetic resonance
- LHC:
-
Light harvesting complex
- PS:
-
Photosystem
- 4-POBN:
-
α-(4-Pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- TEMPD-HCl:
-
2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidone hydrochloride
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Acknowledgments
We thank Rüdiger Stroeh (farm manager of Hohenschulen, CAU, Kiel, Germany) and his co-workers for preparation of field plots. We also thank the early stage researchers Wera Kucharewicz and Aditi Das of the EU Marie Curie project “Croplife” (ITN: PITN-GA-2010-264394) for collecting samples and Luca Boschian for preparation of chloroplasts in 2013. DEPMPO was a kind gift of S. Pietri, Univeristé Aix-Marseille, France. This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) for financial support (KR1350/13-1, KR1350/14-1).
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Krieger-Liszkay, A., Trösch, M. & Krupinska, K. Generation of reactive oxygen species in thylakoids from senescing flag leaves of the barley varieties Lomerit and Carina. Planta 241, 1497–1508 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2274-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2274-8